本書全面闡述了非晶態(tài)和納米合金化學(xué)鍍的制備原理(鍍槽與穩(wěn)定性,鍍速及影響因素)、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、機(jī)理、形成和形成區(qū)理論以及微觀理論。
張邦維,湖南大學(xué)應(yīng)用物理系,教授、博導(dǎo),在物理和材料科學(xué)領(lǐng)域從事教學(xué)和科研愈50年,他的研究集中于納米和非晶態(tài)材料, EP合金鍍層,合金熱力學(xué)和理論,EAM理論與應(yīng)用,其成果得到國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界的廣泛引用和承認(rèn)。他曾獲得過德國馬普獎學(xué)金,并兩次在德國IPP(等離子體物理所)合作研究工作,也曾兩次在美國弗吉尼亞大學(xué)材料科學(xué)工程系合作研究。他和他的研究組在納米材料工作過20多年,集中于納米材料各種制備方法及其形成理論上。
Preface xv
Part I
History of Electroless Plating
1. History–From the Discovery of Electroless Plating to the Present
1.1 Discovery of Electroless Plating 4
1.1.1 Early Works 4
1.1.2 Brenner and Riddell’s Work 6
1.2 Early Stage of Development (1940s–1959) 9
1.2.1 Research Works 9
1.2.2 Patents Issued 10
1.2.3 Preliminary Applications 12
1.3 Slow Growth of Period (1960–1979) 12
1.3.1 Improvement of the Plating Bath 13
1.3.2 Various Electroless Plating Metals 17
1.3.3 Electroless Plating Cu 20
1.3.4 Deposition Substrate 23
1.3.5 Application 26
1.4 Rapid Development of Period (1980–1999) 26
1.4.1 Studying the Nature of Electroless Plating 26
1.4.2 Studying the Properties of Electroless Plating Deposits 27
1.4.3 Large-Scale Application in Many Industries 31
1.4.4 Investigation of Ternary and Multicomponent Alloys and Composites 33
1.4.5 Electroless Plating Began and Developed Rapidly in China 34
1.4.6 Electroless Plating Fe–B Based Alloys Have Been Proposed and Developed 35
1.5 In-Depth Development and Nanoelectroless Plating Stage (2000–Present) 36
1.5.1 In-Depth Investigation of the Mechanism and Theory in Electroless Plating 38
1.5.2 Rapid Development of Nanoelectroless Plating 38
1.6 Summary and Prospect 39
References 40
Part II
Technology of Electroless Plating-Plating Bath, Critical Parameters, Deposition Rate,and Stability of Plating Bath
2. Electroless Plating Baths of Metals, Binary Alloys,and Multicomponent Alloys
2.1 General Consideration for Electroless Plating Bath Solution 51
2.2 Plating Bath of Electroless Pure Nickel and Nickel-Based Binary Alloys 53
2.2.1 Pure Ni and Co Metals 53
2.2.2 Ni–P 53
2.2.3 Ni–B 53
2.3 Cobalt-Based Binary Alloys 57
2.3.1 Co–P 57
2.3.2 Co–B 57
2.4 Cu and Copper-Based Binary Alloys 58
2.5 Au 58
2.6 Ag 58
2.7 Pd and Palladium-Based Binary Alloys 59
2.8 Pt and Platinum-Based Binary Alloys 59
2.9 Ru, Rh, Os, and Cr–P Binary Alloys 59
2.10 Group B Metals (Zn, Cd, In, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, and Bi) and a Few Binary Alloys of these Metals 62
2.11 Electroless Plating of Ternary Alloys 67
2.11.1 Ni–Me–P Alloy Plating Baths 67
2.11.2 Co–Me–P Alloy Plating Baths 74
2.11.3 Ni–Me–B Alloy Plating Baths 74
2.11.4 Co–Me–B Alloy Plating Baths 74
2.11.5 Other Ternary Alloy Plating Baths 89
2.12 Electroless Plating of Quaternary Alloys 90
2.12.1 Ni-Based Quaternary Alloy Plating Baths 90
2.12.2 Co-Based Quaternary Alloy Plating Baths 90
2.13 Electroless Plating Quinary and Multialloys 90
2.14 Summary 90
References 100
3. Electroless Composite Plating
3.1 General Considerations about ECP 109
3.2 Bath Solutions of ECP 110
3.2.1 Bath for Binary Alloy-Based ECP 110
3.2.2 Bath for Ternary Alloy-Based ECP 113
3.2.3 Bath for ECP With Two Kinds of Particles 116
3.3 Summary 116
References 138
4. Nano Electroless Plating
4.1 Bulk Nano EP Materials 144
4.1.1 Nano ECP 144
4.1.2 EP Three-Dimensional Nanostructured Materials (3D NSMs) 163
4.2 2D Nano EP Materials 172
4.2.1 EP 2D Nano Films 173
4.2.2 EP 2D Nanoplates 181
4.2.3 EP 2D Nanodisks 182
4.2.4 EP 2D Nanoshells and Nanosheets 183
4.2.5 EP 2D Nanowalls 184
4.2.6 EP 2D Nano Circles and Rings 185
4.2.7 EP 2D Nanohoneycomb 187
4.2.8 EP 2D Nanoline, Nanofi n Pattern, and 2D Nano Grating 188
4.3 Linear (1D) Nano EP Materials 191
4.3.1 EP Nanotubes 191
4.3.2 EP Nanowires 214
4.3.3 EP Nanorods 240
4.3.4 EP Nanobelts 246
4.4 Zero-Dimensional Nano EP Materials 250
4.4.1 EP Nanoparticles 251
4.4.2 EP Nanoparticle Arrays 262
4.4.3 EP Nanoparticles Other Than Spherical Shape 264
4.4.4 EP Core-Shell Nanoparticles 268
4.5 Summary 278
References 279
5. Electroless Plating Fe-Based Alloys
5.1 Why Electroless Plating Fe–B Alloys? 291
5.2 Discovery of EP Fe–B Alloys 292
5.2.1 The Plating Bath and Affective Parameters 294
5.2.2 Analysis of the Diffi culty in Obtaining EP Fe–B Alloys 295
5.2.3 Composition, Structure, and Properties of EP Fe–B Alloys 296
5.2.4 Formation Mechanism of EP Fe–B Alloys 303
5.2.5 Problems and Worthwhile Improvements for EP Fe–B Alloys 304
5.3 EP Binary Fe–B Alloys 305
5.4 EP Fe–B-Based Multicomponent Alloys 307
5.4.1 EP Fe–W–B Alloy Deposits 308
5.4.2 EP Fe–Mo–B Alloy Deposits 310
5.4.3 EP Fe–Sn–B Alloy Deposits 312
5.4.4 EP Fe–W–Mo–B Alloy Deposits 313
5.4.5 EP Fe–Ni–B Alloy Deposits 315
5.5 EP Fe–P Alloys 315
5.6 EP Fe–P-Based Ternary-Component Alloys 317
5.7 Summary 319
References 319