本書以國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則與美國(guó)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則為藍(lán)本,情景式地解釋了重要會(huì)計(jì)術(shù)語的基本定義,靈活地運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)則解決案例中的問題,細(xì)致地剖析了國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則中存在的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),詳盡地介紹了國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和熱點(diǎn)問題。
21世紀(jì),世界經(jīng)濟(jì)日益走向全球化,在新世紀(jì)、新經(jīng)濟(jì)、新環(huán)境中,為了適應(yīng)全球貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)和全球資本市場(chǎng)發(fā)展的需要,1973年創(chuàng)立的國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)(IASC)改組為國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則理事會(huì)(IASB),促使全球的會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則不斷走向高質(zhì)量,進(jìn)一步提高了企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)告的透明度、可比性和充分披露。在我國(guó)蓬勃發(fā)展的會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)事業(yè)中,掌握國(guó)際財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)告標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和技巧成為迫切的任務(wù),主要體現(xiàn)在以下兩個(gè)方面:
第一,隨著改革開放的不斷深入,中國(guó)在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上的地位不斷提高,國(guó)家綜合實(shí)力也不斷增強(qiáng),而會(huì)計(jì)制度作為經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的重要保障,需要與時(shí)俱進(jìn),與國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)一步接軌。自2006年2月15日財(cái)政部頒布新的《企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則——基本準(zhǔn)則》和38項(xiàng)具體會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則以來,我國(guó)的會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則和規(guī)章迅速地向國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)趨同。
第二,隨著我國(guó)引進(jìn)外資的進(jìn)一步深入,越來越多的企業(yè)傾向于開拓其全球化的國(guó)際市場(chǎng),因而,國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)在企業(yè)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用變得越來越重要,會(huì)計(jì)從業(yè)人員掌握一門國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)成為其從事會(huì)計(jì)工作的一種基本的必備素質(zhì)。同時(shí),只有具有國(guó)際化視角和能力的會(huì)計(jì)從業(yè)人員,才能更好地幫助企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)全球化發(fā)展,實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)的全球發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。
基于以上原因,編寫出一本適合中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的參考教材就顯得任重而道遠(yuǎn)。
本書以國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則(IASB準(zhǔn)則)與美國(guó)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則(FASB準(zhǔn)則)為藍(lán)本,情景式地解釋了重要會(huì)計(jì)術(shù)語的基本定義,靈活地運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)則解決案例中的問題,細(xì)致地剖析了國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則中存在的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),詳盡地介紹了國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和熱點(diǎn)問題。本書正是基于這一宗旨安排各章節(jié)內(nèi)容,并確保文字簡(jiǎn)練、易學(xué)、易懂,同時(shí)在每一章的結(jié)尾附有討論問題、練習(xí)題及其答案,使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)新內(nèi)容之前復(fù)習(xí)并應(yīng)用該章的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。
本書主要圍繞國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則、國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)假設(shè)、國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)原則、國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)的實(shí)務(wù)處理和會(huì)計(jì)相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行內(nèi)容安排。全書包括三個(gè)部分。第一部分主要介紹會(huì)計(jì)核算的基本概念和方法,共六章。第一章主要介紹會(huì)計(jì)行業(yè)在國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的重要性;第二章分析了經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的交易行為;第三章介紹了會(huì)計(jì)記錄經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)的流程;第四章主要闡述了會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán)中各要素之間的比較;第五章介紹了會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的組成和流程;第六章具體指出了會(huì)計(jì)實(shí)踐在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中是如何發(fā)揮作用的。第二部分介紹了日常經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中會(huì)計(jì)實(shí)踐在科目上的具體操作,共八章,這八章的內(nèi)容囊括了存貨、內(nèi)控、應(yīng)收科目、流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債、股票交易以及稅務(wù)等方面的知識(shí)。第三部分介紹了現(xiàn)金流量表等方面的基本內(nèi)容。本書內(nèi)所有涉及稅法的內(nèi)容均指的美國(guó)稅務(wù)法律規(guī)定。
本書適合中高年級(jí)本科生及研究生水平的國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)課程,對(duì)于全世界的執(zhí)業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)師、財(cái)務(wù)管理人員、投資管理人員、大學(xué)教師和行業(yè)監(jiān)管者也大有裨益,還可作為國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)、財(cái)務(wù)管理人員、法律工作者等各界人士解決國(guó)際財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)實(shí)際問題的參考用書。
本書由國(guó)際注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師、華僑大學(xué)教授吳澤福主編,負(fù)責(zé)提綱擬定、內(nèi)容審定及定稿前的修改、補(bǔ)充和總纂。參加本書編寫的人員還有華僑大學(xué)工商管理學(xué)院的王瑩、鄧浩、朱麗華、李培、徐波,王瑩負(fù)責(zé)第一~三章的編寫,鄧浩負(fù)責(zé)第四~六章的編寫,朱麗華負(fù)責(zé)第七~九章的編寫,李培負(fù)責(zé)第十~十二章的編寫,徐波負(fù)責(zé)第十三~十五章的編寫。
編寫一部好的教材是一項(xiàng)艱巨的工程,凝聚著眾多編寫者的心血和經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累。由于編寫時(shí)間倉(cāng)促,加上編者水平有限,書中難免有不妥之處,真誠(chéng)希望廣大讀者不斷地對(duì)本書提出好的意見和建議,以使將來再版時(shí)能夠滿足讀者更高的要求。
Chapter 1 Introduction to Accounting and Business
1. Nature of Business and Accounting
2. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
3. The Accounting Equation
4. Business Transactions and the Accounting Equation
5. Financial Statements
Chapter 2 Analyzing Transactions
1. Using Accounts to Record Transactions
2. Posting of Journal Entries to Accounts
3. Trial Balance
4. Discovery and Correction of Errors
Chapter 3 The Adjusting Process
1. Nature of the Adjusting Process
2. Recording Adjusting Entries
3. Summary of the Adjustment Process
4. Adjusted Trial Balance
Chapter 4 Completing the Accounting Cycle
1. Flow of Accounting Information
2. Financial Statements
3. Closing Entries
4. The Accounting Cycle
5. Fiscal Year
Chapter 5 Accounting Systems
1. Basic Accounting Systems
2. Manual Accounting Systems
3. Adapting Manual Accounting Systems
4. Computerized Accounting Systems
Chapter 6 Accounting for Merchandising Businesses
1. Nature of Merchandising Businesses
2. Financial Statement of Merchandising Businesses
3. Merchandising Transactions
4. The Adjusting and Closing Process
Chapter 7 Inventory
1. Control of Inventory
2. Inventory Cost Flow Assumptions
3. Cost of Inventory on Perpetual Inventory System
4. Inventory Costing Methods under a Periodic Inventory System
5. Reporting Merchandise Inventory in the Financial Statements
Chapter 8 Internal Control and Cash
1. Internal Control
2. The Limitations of Internal Control—Costs and Benefits
3. Elements of Internal Control
4.Cash Controls over Receipts and Payments
5. Bank Accounts
6. Bank Reconciliation
7. Special-Purpose Cash Funds
8. Financial Statements Reporting of Cash
Chapter 9 Receivables
1.Classification of Receivables
2. Uncollectible Receivables
3.Direct WriteOff Method for Uncollectible Accounts
4. Allowance Method for Uncollectible Accounts
5.Comparing Direct Write-Off and Allowance Methods
6. Notes Receivable
7. Reporting Receivables on the Balance Sheet
Chapter 10 Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets
1.Nature of Fixed Assets
2. Accounting for Depreciation
3. Disposal of Fixed Assets
4.Natural Resources
5. Intangible Assets
6. Financial Reporting for Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets
Chapter 11 Current Liabilities and Payroll
1. Current Liabilities
2. Payroll and Payroll Taxes
3. Accounting for Payroll and Payroll Taxes
4. Employees Fringe Benefits
5. Contingent Liabilities
Chapter 12 Stock Transactions, and Dividends
1. Nature of a Corporation
2. Stockholders Equity
3. Paid-In Capital from Issuing Stock
4. Accounting for Dividends
5. Treasury Stock Transactions
6. Reporting Stockholders Equity
7. Stock Splits
Chapter 13 Bonds Payable and Investments in Bonds
1. Financing Corporations
2. Characteristics and Pricing of Bonds Payable
3. Accounting for Bonds Payable
4. Payment and Redemption of Bonds Payable
5. Investment in Bonds
6. Corporation Balance Sheet
7. Effective Interest Rate Method of Amortization
Chapter 14 Income Taxes, Unusual Income Items, and Investments in Stocks
1. Corporations Income Taxes
2. Reporting Unusual Items on the Income Statement
3. Earnings per Common Share
4. Comprehensive Income
5. Accounting for Investment in Stocks
Chapter 15 Statement of Cash Flows
1. Reporting Cash Flows
2. Statement of Cash Flows—The Indirect Method
3. Statement of Cash Flows—The Direct Method
References