Chapter1TextileFibers纖維篇
　　TheWorkingObjective
　　Task1.Tobeabletoclassifythevarioustypesoftextilematerials
　　Task2.TodescribethepropertiesofvarioustypesofnaturalcellulosicfibersTask3.TodescribethepropertiesofvarioustypesofnaturalproteinfibersTask4.TodescribethepropertiesofvarioustypesofmanmadefibersaswellasthenewfibersTask1Commontextilefibers’classification
　　常見(jiàn)紡織纖維分類(lèi)Task2Todescribethenaturalcellulosicfibers
　　描述天然纖維素纖維紡織應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)Chapter1TextileFibers纖維篇GeneralinformationNaturalcellulosicfibers天然纖維素纖維Beingderivedfromawidevarietyofplantsources,naturalcellulosicfibersareclassifiedintovarioustypes,eachpossessingdistinctivequalitiesorpropertiesthatdistinguishitfromothersandmakeitespeciallysuitableforcertainenduses.Thegeneralcharacteristicsofnaturalcellulosicfibersasaclassorgroupcanbesummarizedasfollows:PhysicalPropertiesThedensityofcellulosicfiberstendstoberelativelyhigh,whichmakesfabricswovenfromthesefibersfeelcomparativelyheavy.Asaresultoftheirhavingrelativelylowelasticityandresilience,theywrinkleeasilyanddonotrecoverfromwrinklingreadily.Absorbencyandmoistureregainaregenerallygood.Mostcellulosicfibersare,therefore,slowtodryafterwetting,comfortabletowear,andeasytodye.Cellulosicfibersaregoodconductorsofheatandelectricity.Asgoodconductorsofheat,theycarrywarmthawayfromthebodyandarefavoredforuseinhotweatherandwarmclimates.Sincetheyconductelectricity,cellulosicfibersneitherbuildupstaticelectricitynorproduceshockswhenworn.Cellulosicfiberstendtoburneasily,withaquickyellowflame,muchaspaper.Mostcellulosicfiberscan,however,withstandfairlyhighdryheatorironingtemperaturesbeforetheyscorch.ChemicalpropertiesChemicalpropertiesofcellulosicfibersincludegoodresistancetoalkalis.Excessivebleachingwillharmcellulosicfibers,althoughcarefullycontrolledbleachingislessdetrimental.Suchpropertiesasthewithstandingofhighwatertemperaturepermitlaunderingofcellulosicfiberswithstrongdetergent,controlledbleaching,andhotwatertemperatures.Theuniquecombinationofproperties—durability,lowcost,easywashability,andcomfort—hasmadecottonnotonlyamaterialdesirableforsummerclothes,workclothes,towels,andsheets,butalsoastandardforgreatmassesoftheworld’speoplewholiveinwarmandsubtropicalclimates.Eventhoughtheman-madefibershaveencroachedonthemarketsthatweredominatedby100percentcottonfibers,thecotton-lookisstillmaintainedandcottonformsupto65percentofthefibersinblendedfabrics.NewWordsandExpressionscellulosic纖維素的source來(lái)源，起源derive引出miscellaneous各種的summarize概述density密度，比重comparatively比較地elasticity彈性resilience彈力，回彈wrinkle折皺readily容易地absorbency吸水性recover回復(fù)comfortable舒服的withstand抵擋，經(jīng)受住ironing熨燙shock電擊scorch燙焦alkali堿bleach漂白detrimental損害的，有害的excessive過(guò)度的，過(guò)量的launder洗滌detergent洗滌劑，凈洗劑washability易洗性subtropical亞熱帶的encroach侵入maintain保持，維持unique獨(dú)特的，唯一的blend混合，混紡物dominate統(tǒng)治，控制wrinklerecovery折皺回復(fù)度enduse最終用途moistureregain回潮率Notes1.Beingderivedfromawidevarietyofplantsources…由于來(lái)自不同的植物源……2.classifyinto把……分類(lèi)。3.…andthelike,eachpossessingdistinctivequalitiesorpropertiesthatdistinguishitfromothersandmakeitespeciallysuitableforcertainenduses.“……等等，每一種纖維都具有使自己與其他纖維相區(qū)別并使之特別適合于某些最終用途的品質(zhì)或性能”�！癮ndthelike”等等；like在這里是名詞，需與定冠詞the連用。eachpossessing…enduses系獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，邏輯主語(yǔ)為each,作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨情況。4.…muchaspaper:……這種情況與紙張（易于燃燒，燒著呈黃色的火焰）十分類(lèi)似。muchas作“……幾乎一樣”解。接近于“justas”這是一個(gè)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，much系副詞作狀語(yǔ)。paper后省略了“tendstoburneasily,withaquickyellowflame”。ExercisesPart1PutthefollowingexpressionsintoChinese1.distinguishitfromothersandmakeitespeciallysuitableforcertainenduses2.Absorbencyandmoistureregainaregenerallygood.3.Theycarrywarmthawayfromthebodyandarefavoredforuseinhotweatherandwarmclimates.4.withstandfairlyhighdryheatorironingtemperaturesbeforetheyscorch5.durability,lowcost,easywashability,andcomfortPart2Questions1.Whatarenaturalcellulosicfibersclassifiedinto?2.Whatarethegeneralcharacteristicsofnaturalcellulosicfibers?3.Howabouttheburningconditionsofcellulosicfibers?4.Talkaboutthepropertiesofcottonfiber.Unit1Cotton棉Cottontodayisthemostusedtextilefiberintheworld.Itscurrentconsumptionmarketshareisapproximately56percentforallfibersusedforapparelandhomefurnishingsandsoldintheU.S.Itisgenerallyrecognizedthatmostconsumersprefercottonpersonalcareitemstothosecontainingsyntheticfibers.TheearliestevidenceofusingcottonisfromIndiaandthedateassignedtothisfabricis3000B.C.CottoncultivationfirstspreadfromIndiatoEgypt,ChinaandtheSouthPacific.EventhoughcottonfiberhadbeenknownalreadyinSouthernAmerica,thelarge-scalecottoncultivationinNorthernAmericabeganinthe16thcenturywiththearrivalofcoloniststosouthernpartsoftoday’sUnitedStates.Withthisnewtechnology,itwaspossibletoproducemorecottonfiber,whichresultedinbigchangesinthespinningandweavingindustry,especiallyinEngland.Cottonsaregenerallyclassifiedaccordingtotheirlength:⑴SeaIslandcotton⑵Uplandcotton⑶Egyptiancotton.Cotton,asanaturalcellulosicfiber,hasalotofcharacteristics,suchas:Comfortablesofthand;Goodabsorbency;Colorretention;Printswell;Machine-washable;Dry-cleanable;Goodstrength;Easytohandleandsew.Cottonfiberappearsasalong,thin,irregular,convoluted(復(fù)雜的)andflattened(扁平的)tube.Thecrosssectionofamaturefibershowsathincuticle(表皮)andprimarywallontheoutsideandahollowcollapsed(塌陷的)cavity(空腔)inthecenterofthefiber(SeeinFig.1.1).Fig.1.1ObservationundermicroscopeThemoistureregain（回潮率）ofcottonisabout7.1%~8.5%andthemoistureabsorptionis7%~8%.Cottonisattackedbyhotdiluteorcoldconcentratedacid（酸）ions（離子）.Coldweakacidsdonotaffectit.Thefibersshowexcellentresistancetoalkalis（堿）.Thecottonbuyerusuallyselectsspeciesandgradesofcottontoproducespecificyarns.Ifafabricsuchasapartwoolblanketistobeproduced,thecottonbuyerwillselectPeruvian,China,orIndiancottonswhichhaveaharsh,rough,wool-likehandle.Whereextremelyfinetexture,silknessandgreatstrengtharedesired,thecottonbuyermaychooseSeaIslandstapleorEgyptiancotton.Duringthepast200years,cottonshaveevolvedhybridizationtobecometheindustrialcottonstoday.InthePracticeUnitedStates,theyarecloselyrelatedtoSeaIslandcottonwhichcameintoprominencealongthecoastofSouthCarolinaandtotheEgyptian-typespecieswhichgainedpopularityofitshigh-qualityfiberforuseinthefinecounts.American-growncottonsaredividedintogradesaccordingtolengthofstaple,uniformity,strength,color,cleanlinessandflexibility.ThesearecomparedwithastandardsuppliedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture.Acottonmilloftenaveragesupthevariousgradesofcottontoproduceafairlyuniformyarn.AllnormalcottonfibershaveasoftcreamytintandsomeofthelongstaplefibersliketheEgyptiancotton,aremorecreamyincolorthantheUplandandtheSeaIslandcotton.Cottonisnevertrulywhiteandthenatureofthepigmentresponsibleforthecolorisreallynotknown.NewWordsandExpressionsapproximately近似convoluted復(fù)雜的convoluted復(fù)雜的flattened(扁平的)collapsed塌陷的cavity空腔moistureregain回潮率acid酸alkalis堿Peruvian秘魯harsh粗糙的rough毛糙的，粗糙的desire要求，愿望evolve進(jìn)化yarn紗線(xiàn)count支數(shù)，號(hào)數(shù)fabric織物blanket毛毯handle手感texture織物質(zhì)地silkness像絲綢一樣的SeaIslandstaple海島棉hybridization雜交staple短纖維pigment色素，顏料uniformity均勻度f(wàn)lexibility柔軟度Notes1.speciesandgradesofcotton:不同種類(lèi)和等級(jí)的棉花。2.harsh,roughwool-likehandle:像羊毛一樣粗糙的手感。3.finestructure:織物細(xì)密的質(zhì)地。4.comeintoprominence：占主要地位。5.fineco

　　……