Nomenclature
符號(hào)表

第0章　Outcomes Assessment
成果評(píng)估 1
0.1　Student Self-Assessment / 學(xué)生自我評(píng)估 / 2
0.2　Assessment by Faculty / 教員評(píng)估 / 4
0.3　Summary / 總結(jié) / 6
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 6


第1篇　Conceptualization and Analysis of Chemical Processes
化工過(guò)程的概念與分析 7
第1章　Diagrams for Understanding Chemical Processes
了解化工過(guò)程的圖表 9
1.1　Block Flow Diagram (BFD) / 程序框圖（BFD）/ 11
1.1.1　Block Flow Process Diagram / 方框流程圖 / 11
1.1.2　Block Flow Plant Diagram / 方塊流程工廠圖 / 12
1.2　Process Flow Diagram (PFD) / 工藝流程圖（PFD）/ 14
1.2.1　Process Topology / 流程拓?fù)?/ 14
1.2.2　Stream Information / 物流數(shù)據(jù) / 18
1.2.3　Equipment Information / 設(shè)備信息 / 21
1.2.4　Combining Topology, Stream Data, and Control Strategy to Give a PFD / 結(jié)合拓?fù)洹⑽锪鲾?shù)據(jù)和控制策略的PFD圖 / 21
1.3　Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) / 管道及儀表流程圖（P&ID）/ 27
1.4　Additional Diagrams / 附加圖表 / 32
1.5　Three-Dimensional Representation of a Process / 過(guò)程的三維表示 / 34
1.6　The 3-D Plant Model / 三維工廠模型 / 41
1.7　Operator and 3-D Immersive Training Simulators / 操作員及3-D沉浸式訓(xùn)練仿真器 / 43
1.7.1　Operator Training Simulators (OTS) / 操作員訓(xùn)練仿真器（OTS）/ 43
1.7.2　3-D Immersive Training Simulators (ITS) / 三維沉浸式訓(xùn)練仿真器（ITS）/ 45
1.7.3　Linking the ITS with an OTS / 連接ITS和OTS / 46
1.8　Summary / 總結(jié) / 48
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 49
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 49
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 50

第2章　The Structure and Synthesis of Process Flow Diagrams
工藝流程圖的結(jié)構(gòu)與綜合 55
2.1　Hierarchy of Process Design / 過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)的層次結(jié)構(gòu) / 55
2.2　Step 1—Batch versus Continuous Process / 步驟1——間歇過(guò)程與連續(xù)過(guò)程 / 56
2.3　Step 2—The Input/Output Structure of the Process / 步驟2——過(guò)程的輸入/輸出結(jié)構(gòu) / 60
2.3.1　Process Concept Diagram / 過(guò)程概念圖 / 60
2.3.2　The Input/Output Structure of the Process Flow Diagram / 工藝流程圖的輸入/輸出結(jié)構(gòu) / 61
2.3.3　The Input/Output Structure and Other Features of the Generic Block Flow Process Diagram / 通用方框流程圖的輸入/輸出結(jié)構(gòu)及其他特征 / 63
2.3.4　Other Considerations for the Input/Output Structure of the Process Flowsheet / 工藝流程圖輸入/輸出結(jié)構(gòu)的其他考慮因素 / 65
2.3.5　What Information Can Be Determined Using the Input/Output Diagram for a Process? / 使用過(guò)程的輸入/輸出圖可以確定哪些信息 / 68
2.4　Step 3—The Recycle Structure of the Process / 第三步——過(guò)程的循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu) / 70
2.4.1　Efficiency of Raw Material Usage / 原材料使用效率 / 70
2.4.2　Identification and Definition of the Recycle Structure of the Process / 工藝循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的識(shí)別和定義 / 71
2.4.3　Other Issues Affecting the Recycle Structure That Lead to Process Alternatives / 影響導(dǎo)致工藝替代的循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的其他問(wèn)題 / 75
2.5　Step 4—General Structure of the Separation System / 第4步——分離系統(tǒng)的一般結(jié)構(gòu) / 83
2.6　Step 5—Heat-Exchanger Network or Process Energy Recovery System / 第5步——換熱網(wǎng)絡(luò)或過(guò)程能量回收系統(tǒng) / 83
2.7　Information Required and Sources / 所需信息和來(lái)源 / 83
2.8　Summary / 總結(jié) / 83
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 85
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 86
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 86

第3章　Batch Processing
間歇過(guò)程 91
3.1　Design Calculations for Batch Processes / 間歇過(guò)程的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 / 91
3.2　Gantt Charts and Scheduling / 甘特圖和進(jìn)度計(jì)劃 / 97
3.3　Nonoverlapping Operations, Overlapping Operations, and Cycle Times / 非重疊操作、重疊操作和周期時(shí)間 / 98
3.4　Flowshop and Jobshop Plants / 流水線和車間工廠 / 101
3.4.1　Flowshop Plants / 流水線工廠 / 101
3.4.2　Jobshop Plants / 車間工廠 / 103
3.5　Product and Intermediate Storage and Parallel Process Units / 產(chǎn)品和中間存儲(chǔ)及并行處理單元 / 106
3.5.1　Product Storage for Single-Product Campaigns / 單一產(chǎn)品活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)品存儲(chǔ) / 106
3.5.2　Intermediate Storage / 中間存儲(chǔ) / 108
3.5.3　Parallel Process Units / 并行處理單元 / 110
3.6　Design of Equipment for Multiproduct Batch Processes / 多產(chǎn)品間歇處理設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì) / 111
3.7　Summary / 總結(jié) / 113
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 114
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 114
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 114

第4章　Chemical Product Design
化工產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì) 123
4.1　Strategies for Chemical Product Design / 化工產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)策略 / 124
4.2　Needs / 需求 / 125
4.3　Ideas / 方法 / 127
4.4　Selection / 篩選 / 128
4.5　Manufacture / 加工 / 130
4.6　Batch Processing / 間歇過(guò)程 / 131
4.7　Economic Considerations / 經(jīng)濟(jì)因素 / 131
4.8　Summary / 總結(jié) / 132
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 132

第5章　Tracing Chemicals through the Process Flow Diagram / 通過(guò)工藝流程圖追蹤化學(xué)品 135
5.1　Guidelines and Tactics for Tracing Chemicals / 追蹤化學(xué)品的指南和策略 / 135
5.2　Tracing Primary Paths Taken by Chemicals in a Chemical Process / 追蹤化學(xué)品在化學(xué)過(guò)程中的主要路徑 / 136
5.3　Recycle and Bypass Streams / 循環(huán)和旁通流 / 142
5.4　Tracing Nonreacting Chemicals / 追蹤不反應(yīng)的化學(xué)品 / 145
5.5　Limitations / 局限性 / 145
5.6　Written Process Description / 書(shū)面流程概況 / 146
5.7　Summary / 總結(jié) / 147
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 147

第6章　Understanding Process Conditions
了解工藝條件 149
6.1　Conditions of Special Concern for the Operation of Separation and Reactor Systems / 分離和反應(yīng)器系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的特別關(guān)注條件 / 150
6.1.1　Pressure / 壓力 / 150
6.1.2　Temperature / 溫度 / 150
6.2　Reasons for Operating at Conditions of Special Concern / 在特別關(guān)注條件下操作的原因 / 152
6.3　Conditions of Special Concern for the Operation of Other Equipment / 其他設(shè)備運(yùn)行需要特別關(guān)注的條件 / 155
6.4　Analysis of Important Process Conditions / 關(guān)鍵工藝條件分析 / 158
6.4.1　Evaluation of Reactor R-101 / 反應(yīng)器R-101的評(píng)估 / 158
6.4.2　Evaluation of High-Pressure Phase Separator V-102 / 高壓相分離器V-102的評(píng)估 / 164
6.4.3　Evaluation of Large Temperature Driving Force in Exchanger E-101 / 換熱器E-101中高溫驅(qū)動(dòng)力的評(píng)估 / 164
6.4.4　Evaluation of Exchanger E-102 / 換熱器E-102的評(píng)估 / 164
6.4.5　Pressure Control Valve on Stream 8 / 流路8上的壓力控制閥 / 164
6.4.6　Pressure Control Valve on Stream from V-102 to V-103 / V-102至V-103流路上的壓力控制閥 / 164
6.5　Summary / 總結(jié) / 165
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 165
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 165
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 166


第2篇　Engineering Economic Analysis of Chemical Processes
化工過(guò)程的工程經(jīng)濟(jì)分析 169
第7章　Estimation of Capital Costs
固定成本估算 171
7.1　Classifications of Capital Cost Estimates / 固定成本估算的分類 / 172
7.2　Estimation of Purchased Equipment Costs / 采購(gòu)設(shè)備成本估算 / 175
7.2.1　Effect of Capacity on Purchased Equipment Cost / 產(chǎn)能對(duì)采購(gòu)設(shè)備成本的影響 / 175
7.2.2　Effect of Time on Purchased Equipment Cost / 時(shí)間對(duì)采購(gòu)設(shè)備成本的影響 / 179
7.3　Estimating the Total Capital Cost of a Plant / 估算工廠的總固定成本 / 182
7.3.1　Lang Factor Technique / 朗因子技術(shù) / 184
7.3.2　Module Costing Technique / 模塊成本技術(shù) / 185
7.3.3　Bare Module Cost for Equipment at Base Conditions / 基本條件下設(shè)備的裸模塊成本 / 186
7.3.4　Bare Module Cost for Non-Base-Case Conditions / 非基本條件下的裸模塊成本 / 189
7.3.5　Combination of Pressure and MOC Information to Give the Bare Module Factor, FBM, and Bare Module Cost, CBM / 結(jié)合壓力和MOC信息得出裸模塊系數(shù)（FBM）和裸模塊成本（CBM）/ 199
7.3.6　Algorithm for Calculating Bare Module Costs / 計(jì)算裸模塊成本的算法 / 200
7.3.7　Grassroots (Green Field) and Total Module Costs / 基層（綠地）和總模塊成本 / 201
7.3.8　A Computer Program (CAPCOST) for Capital Cost Estimation Using the Equipment Module Approach / 用設(shè)備模塊法進(jìn)行固定成本估算的計(jì)算機(jī)程序（CAPCOST）/ 204
7.4　Estimation of Plant Costs Based on Capacity Information / 基于產(chǎn)能信息的工廠成本估算 / 206
7.5　Summary / 總結(jié) / 208
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 208
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 209
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 210

第8章 Estimation of Manufacturing Costs
生產(chǎn)成本的估算 213
8.1　Factors Affecting the Cost of Manufacturing a Chemical Product / 影響化工產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)成本的因素 / 213
8.2　Cost of Operating Labor / 運(yùn)營(yíng)人工成本 / 218
8.3　Utility Costs / 公用設(shè)施成本 / 219
8.3.1　Background Information on Utilities / 公用設(shè)施的背景信息 / 219
8.3.2　Calculation of Utility Costs / 公用設(shè)施成本計(jì)算 / 221
8.4　Raw Material Costs / 原材料成本 / 234
8.5　Yearly Costs and Stream Factors / 年度成本和生產(chǎn)定額 / 237
8.6　Estimating Utility Costs from the PFD / 根據(jù)PFD估算公用設(shè)施成本 / 238
8.7　Cost of Treating Liquid and Solid Waste Streams / 處理液體和固體廢物流的成本 / 240
8.8　Evaluation of Cost of Manufacture for the Production of Benzene via the Hydrodealkylation of Toluene / 甲苯加氫脫烷基制苯的生產(chǎn)成本估算 / 241
8.9　Summary / 總結(jié) / 242
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 243
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 243
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 244

第9章 Engineering Economic Analysis
工程經(jīng)濟(jì)分析 247
9.1　Investments and the Time Value of Money / 投資與貨幣的時(shí)間價(jià)值 / 248
9.2　Different Types of Interest / 不同類型的利率 / 251
9.2.1　Simple Interest / 單利 / 252
9.2.2　Compound Interest / 復(fù)利 / 252
9.2.3　Interest Rates Changing with Time / 利率隨時(shí)間的變化 / 253
9.3　Time Basis for Compound Interest Calculations / 復(fù)利計(jì)算的時(shí)間基準(zhǔn) / 254
9.3.1　Effective Annual Interest Rate / 實(shí)際年利率 / 254
9.3.2　Continuously Compounded Interest / 連續(xù)復(fù)利 / 255
9.4　Cash Flow Diagrams / 現(xiàn)金流通圖 / 255
9.4.1　Discrete Cash Flow Diagram / 離散現(xiàn)金流通圖 / 256
9.4.2　Cumulative Cash Flow Diagram / 累積現(xiàn)金流通圖 / 258
9.5　Calculations from Cash Flow Diagrams / 現(xiàn)金流通圖計(jì)算 / 259
9.5.1　Annuities—A Uniform Series of Cash Transactions / 年金——統(tǒng)一的現(xiàn)金交易系列 / 260
9.5.2　Discount Factors / 折現(xiàn)系數(shù) / 261
9.6　Inflation / 通貨膨脹 / 266
9.7　Depreciation of Capital Investment / 資本投資折舊 / 268
9.7.1　Fixed Capital, Working Capital, and Land / 固定資本、營(yíng)運(yùn)資本和土地 / 269
9.7.2　Different Types of Depreciation / 不同類型的折舊 / 269
9.7.3　Current Depreciation Method (2017): Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) / 現(xiàn)行折舊方法（2017年）：修正的加速成本回收系統(tǒng)（MACRS）/ 273
9.8　Taxation, Cash Flow, and Profit / 稅收、現(xiàn)金流和利潤(rùn) / 274
9.9　Summary / 總結(jié) / 277
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 277
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 278
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 278

第10章　Profitability Analysis
盈利能力分析 285
10.1　A Typical Cash Flow Diagram for a New Project / 新項(xiàng)目的典型現(xiàn)金流通圖 / 285
10.2　Profitability Criteria for Project Evaluation / 評(píng)估項(xiàng)目的盈利標(biāo)準(zhǔn) / 287
10.2.1　Nondiscounted Profitability Criteria / 無(wú)折現(xiàn)盈利標(biāo)準(zhǔn) / 287
10.2.2　Discounted Profitability Criteria / 折現(xiàn)盈利標(biāo)準(zhǔn) / 291
10.3　Comparing Several Large Projects: Incremental Economic Analysis / 比較幾個(gè)大型項(xiàng)目：增量經(jīng)濟(jì)分析 / 295
10.4　Establishing Acceptable Returns from Investments: The Concept of Risk / 建立可接受的投資回報(bào)：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)概念 / 298
10.5　Evaluation of Equipment Alternatives / 設(shè)備替代品評(píng)估 / 299
10.5.1　Equipment with the Same Expected Operating Lives / 具有相同預(yù)期使用壽命的設(shè)備 / 299
10.5.2　Equipment with Different Expected Operating Lives / 具有不同預(yù)期使用壽命的設(shè)備 / 300
10.6　Incremental Analysis for Retrofitting Facilities / 改造設(shè)施的增量分析 / 305
10.6.1　Nondiscounted Methods for Incremental Analysis / 增量分析的無(wú)折現(xiàn)方法 / 305
10.6.2　Discounted Methods for Incremental Analysis / 增量分析的折現(xiàn)方法 / 308
10.7　Evaluation of Risk in Evaluating Profitability / 評(píng)估盈利能力時(shí)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 / 309
10.7.1　Forecasting Uncertainty in Chemical Processes / 化工過(guò)程的不確定性預(yù)測(cè) / 310
10.7.2　Quantifying Risk / 量化風(fēng)險(xiǎn) / 314
10.8　Profit Margin Analysis / 利潤(rùn)率分析 / 325
10.9　Summary / 總結(jié) / 326
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 327
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 327
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 328


第3篇　Synthesis and Optimization of Chemical Processes
化工過(guò)程的合成與優(yōu)化 343
第11章　Utilizing Experience-Based Principles to Confirm the Suitability of a Process Design
利用基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)的原則來(lái)確認(rèn)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)的適用性 347
11.1　The Role of Experience in the Design Process / 設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中經(jīng)驗(yàn)的作用 / 348
11.1.1　Introduction to Technical Heuristics and Shortcut Methods / 技術(shù)探索法和簡(jiǎn)捷法簡(jiǎn)介 / 348
11.1.2　Maximizing the Benefits Obtained from Experience / 從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲得最大化利益 / 349
11.2　Presentation of Tables of Technical Heuristics and Guidelines / 技術(shù)探索法和指南表格 / 351
11.3　Summary / 總結(jié) / 354
List of Informational Tables / 信息表 / 354
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 368
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 368

第12章　Synthesis of the PFD from the Generic BFD
從通用BFD合成PFD 369
12.1　Information Needs and Sources / 信息需求和來(lái)源 / 370
12.1.1　Interactions with Other Engineers and Scientists / 與其他工程師和科學(xué)家交流 / 370
12.1.2　Reaction Kinetics Data / 反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù) / 370
12.1.3　Physical Property Data / 物性數(shù)據(jù) / 371
12.2　Reactor Section / 反應(yīng)器部分 / 372
12.3　Separator Section / 分離器部分 / 373
12.3.1　General Guidelines for Choosing Separation Operations / 選擇分離操作的一般準(zhǔn)則 / 374
12.3.2　Sequencing of Distillation Columns for Simple Distillation / 簡(jiǎn)單蒸餾的蒸餾塔排序 / 376
12.3.3　Azeotropic Distillation / 共沸蒸餾 / 378
12.4　Reactor Feed Preparation and Separator Feed Preparation Sections / 反應(yīng)器進(jìn)料和分離器進(jìn)料部分 / 388
12.5　Recycle Section / 再循環(huán)部分 / 389
12.6　Environmental Control Section / 環(huán)境控制組 / 389
12.7　Major Process Control Loops / 主要過(guò)程控制回路 / 390
12.8　Flow Summary Table / 流量匯總表 / 390
12.9　Major Equipment Summary Table / 主要設(shè)備匯總表 / 390
12.10　Summary / 總結(jié) / 391
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 391
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 392

第13章　Synthesis of a Process Using a Simulator and Simulator Troubleshooting
使用模擬器進(jìn)行過(guò)程合成及模擬器故障排除 397
13.1　The Structure of a Process Simulator / 過(guò)程模擬器的結(jié)構(gòu) / 398
13.2　Information Required to Complete a Process Simulation: Input Data / 完成過(guò)程模擬所需的信息：輸入數(shù)據(jù) / 401
13.2.1　Selection of Chemical Components / 化學(xué)成分的選擇 / 401
13.2.2　Selection of Physical Property Models / 物性模型的選擇 / 401
13.2.3　Selection and Input of Flowsheet Topology / 流程拓?fù)涞倪x擇和輸入 / 404
13.2.4　Selection of Feed Stream Properties / 進(jìn)料物流特性的選擇 / 404
13.2.5　Selection of Equipment Parameters / 設(shè)備參數(shù)的選擇 / 405
13.2.6　Selection of Output Display Options / 輸出顯示選項(xiàng)的選擇 / 411
13.2.7　Selection of Convergence Criteria and Running a Simulation / 收斂性判定準(zhǔn)則的選擇與仿真 / 411
13.2.8　Common Errors in Using Simulators / 使用模擬器的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤 / 412
13.3　Handling Recycle Streams / 處理再循環(huán)流 / 413
13.4　Choosing Thermodynamic Models / 選擇熱力學(xué)模型 / 415
13.4.1　Pure-Component Properties / 純組分性質(zhì) / 416
13.4.2　Enthalpy / 焓 / 416
13.4.3　Phase Equilibria / 相平衡 / 416
13.4.4　Using Thermodynamic Models / 使用熱力學(xué)模型 / 424
13.5　Case Study: Toluene Hydrodealkylation Process / 案例研究：甲苯加氫脫烷基化工藝 / 426
13.6　Electrolyte Systems Modeling / 電解質(zhì)系統(tǒng)建模 / 428
13.6.1　Fundamentals of Modeling Electrolyte Systems / 電解質(zhì)系統(tǒng)建�；�礎(chǔ) / 429
13.6.2　Steps Needed to Build the Model of an Aqueous Electrolyte System and the Estimation of Parameters / 建立水電解質(zhì)系統(tǒng)模型的步驟和參數(shù)估計(jì) / 435
13.7　Solids Modeling / 實(shí)體模型 / 440
13.7.1　Physical Properties / 物理性質(zhì) / 440
13.7.2　Parameter Requirements for Solids Model / 實(shí)體模型的參數(shù)要求 / 442
附錄13.1　Calculation of Excess Gibbs Energy for Electrolyte Systems
電解質(zhì)系統(tǒng)超額吉布斯能的計(jì)算 / 445
附錄13.2　Steps to Build a Model of a Distillation Column for an Electrolyte System Using a Rate-Based Simulation with a Film Model for Mass Transfer, the Parameters Required at Each Stage, and Possible Sources of These Parameters
使用基于速率的模擬建立電解質(zhì)系統(tǒng)精餾塔模型的步驟，包括傳質(zhì)薄膜模型、每個(gè)階段所需的參數(shù)以及這些參數(shù)的可能來(lái)源 / 447
13.8　Summary / 總結(jié) / 450
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 451
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 454
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 455

第14章 Process Optimization
過(guò)程優(yōu)化 463
14.1　Background Information on Optimization / 優(yōu)化的背景信息 / 463
14.1.1　Common Misconceptions / 常見(jiàn)誤區(qū) / 465
14.1.2　Estimating Problem Difficulty / 評(píng)估問(wèn)題難度 / 467
14.1.3　Top-Down and Bottom-Up Strategies / 自上而下法和自下而上法 / 468
14.1.4　Communication of Optimization Results / 優(yōu)化結(jié)果的討論 / 468
14.2　Strategies / 方法 / 469
14.2.1　Base Case / 基本情況 / 469
14.2.2　Objective Functions / 目標(biāo)函數(shù) / 470
14.2.3　Analysis of the Base Costs / 基礎(chǔ)成本分析 / 471
14.2.4　Identifying and Prioritizing Key Decision Variable / 識(shí)別關(guān)鍵決策變量并確定其優(yōu)先級(jí) / 471
14.3　Topological Optimization / 拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化 / 473
14.3.1　Introduction / 引言 / 473
14.3.2　Elimination of Unwanted Nonhazardous By-Products or Hazardous Waste Streams / 消除不需要的無(wú)害副產(chǎn)品或危險(xiǎn)廢物流 / 473
14.3.3　Elimination and Rearrangement of Equipment / 設(shè)備的淘汰和重新布置 / 475
14.3.4　Alternative Separation Schemes and Reactor Configurations / 可選的分離方案和反應(yīng)器配置 / 477
14.4　Parametric Optimization / 參數(shù)優(yōu)化 / 479
14.4.1　Single-Variable Optimization: A Case Study on T-201, the DME Separation Column / 單變量?jī)?yōu)化：二甲醚分離塔T-201的實(shí)例研究 / 480
14.4.2　Two-Variable Optimization: The Effect of Pressure and Reflux Ratio on T-201, the DME Separation Column / 雙變量?jī)?yōu)化：壓力和回流比對(duì)二甲醚分離塔T-201的影響 / 481
14.4.3　Flowsheet Optimization Using Key Decision Variables / 利用關(guān)鍵決策變量進(jìn)行過(guò)程優(yōu)化 / 484
14.5　Lattice Search, Response Surface, and Mathematical Optimization Techniques / 點(diǎn)陣搜索、響應(yīng)面和數(shù)學(xué)優(yōu)化技術(shù) / 489
14.6　Process Flexibility and the Sensitivity of the Optimum / 過(guò)程靈活性和最佳靈敏度 / 489
14.7　Optimization in Batch Systems / 間歇處理系統(tǒng)中的優(yōu)化 / 490
14.7.1　Problem of Scheduling Equipment / 設(shè)備調(diào)度問(wèn)題 / 490
14.7.2　Problem of Optimum Cycle Time / 最佳周期問(wèn)題 / 495
14.8　Summary / 總結(jié) / 497
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 498
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 498
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 498

第15章　Pinch Technology
夾點(diǎn)技術(shù) 509
15.1　Introduction / 引言 / 509
15.2　Heat Integration and Network Design / 熱集成和網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì) / 510
15.3　Composite Temperature-Enthalpy Diagram / 復(fù)合溫度-焓圖 / 523
15.4　Composite Enthalpy Curves for Systems without a Pinch / 無(wú)夾點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)的復(fù)合焓曲線 / 524
15.5　Using the Composite Enthalpy Curve to Estimate Heat-Exchanger Surface Area / 用復(fù)合焓曲線估算換熱器表面積 / 525
15.6　Effectiveness Factor (F ) and the Number of Shells / 有效系數(shù)（F）和殼程數(shù) / 529
15.7　Combining Costs to Give the EAOC for the Network / 綜合成本給出網(wǎng)絡(luò)的EAOC / 534
15.8　Other Considerations / 其他注意事項(xiàng) / 536
15.8.1　Materials of Construction and Operating Pressure Issues / 設(shè)備材料和操作壓力 / 536
15.8.2　Problems with Multiple Utilities / 多個(gè)公用設(shè)施 / 539
15.8.3　Handling Streams with Phase Changes / 處理相變流 / 539
15.9　Heat-Exchanger Network Synthesis Analysis and Design (HENSAD) Program / 換熱器網(wǎng)絡(luò)綜合分析與設(shè)計(jì)（HENSAD）程序 / 540
15.10　Mass-Exchange Networks / 質(zhì)量交換網(wǎng)絡(luò) / 541
15.11　Summary / 總結(jié) / 550
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 550
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 551
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 552

第16章　Advanced Topics Using Steady-State Simulators
使用穩(wěn)態(tài)模擬器的前沿主題 561
16.1　Why the Need for Advanced Topics in Steady-State Simulation? / 為什么要在穩(wěn)態(tài)模擬中討論前沿話題 / 562
16.2　User-Added Models / 用戶添加模型 / 562
16.2.1　Unit Operation Models / 單元操作模型 / 563
16.2.2　User Thermodynamic and Transport Models / 用戶熱力學(xué)和傳輸模型 / 564
16.2.3　User Kinetic Models / 用戶動(dòng)力學(xué)模型 / 568
16.3　Solution Strategy for Steady-State Simulations / 穩(wěn)態(tài)模擬的方案策略 / 571
16.3.1　Sequential Modular (SM) / 序貫?zāi)�塊法（SM）/ 572
16.3.2　Equation-Oriented (EO) / 聯(lián)立方程法（EO）/ 585
16.3.3　Simultaneous Modular (SMod) / 同步模塊化（SMod）/ 586
16.4　Studies with the Steady-State Simulation / 穩(wěn)態(tài)模擬研究 / 589
16.4.1　Sensitivity Studies / 靈敏度研究 / 589
16.4.2　Optimization Studies / 優(yōu)化研究 / 589
16.5　Estimation of Physical Property Parameters / 物性參數(shù)評(píng)估 / 601
16.6　Summary / 總結(jié) / 605
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 605
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 607
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 607

第17章　Using Dynamic Simulators in Process Design
在過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)中使用動(dòng)態(tài)模擬器 617
17.1　Why Is There a Need for Dynamic Simulation? / 為什么需要?jiǎng)討B(tài)模擬 / 618
17.2　Setting Up a Dynamic Simulation / 建立動(dòng)態(tài)模擬 / 619
17.2.1　Step 1: Topological Change in the Steady-State Simulation / 步驟1：穩(wěn)態(tài)模擬中的拓?fù)渥兓?/ 619
17.2.2　Step 2: Equipment Geometry and Size / 步驟2：設(shè)備幾何形狀和尺寸 / 622
17.2.3　Step 3: Additional Dynamic Data/Dynamic Specification / 步驟3：附加動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)/動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)范 / 624
17.3　Dynamic Simulation Solution Methods / 動(dòng)態(tài)模擬求解方法 / 633
17.3.1　Initialization / 賦初值 / 634
17.3.2　Solution of the DAE System / DAE系統(tǒng)求解方法 / 634
17.4　Process Control / 過(guò)程控制 / 639
17.5　Summary / 總結(jié) / 647
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 647
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 648
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 649

第18章　Regulation and Control of Chemical Processes with Applications Using Commercial Software
使用商業(yè)軟件對(duì)化工過(guò)程進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)和控制 655
18.1　A Simple Regulation Problem / 一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的調(diào)節(jié)問(wèn)題 / 656
18.2　The Characteristics of Regulating Valves / 調(diào)節(jié)閥的特性 / 657
18.3　Regulating Flowrates and Pressures / 調(diào)節(jié)流量和壓力 / 660
18.4　The Measurement of Process Variables / 過(guò)程變量的測(cè)量 / 662
18.5　Common Control Strategies Used in Chemical Processes / 化工過(guò)程中常用的控制策略 / 663
18.5.1　Feedback Control and Regulation / 反饋控制和調(diào)節(jié) / 663
18.5.2　Feed-Forward Control and Regulation / 前饋控制和調(diào)節(jié) / 665
18.5.3　Combination Feedback and Feed-Forward Control / 反饋和前饋聯(lián)合控制 / 667
18.5.4　Cascade Regulation / 串級(jí)調(diào)控 / 668
18.5.5　Ratio Control / 比例調(diào)節(jié) / 669
18.5.6　Split-Range Control / 分程控制 / 671
18.6　Exchanging Heat and Work between Process and Utility Streams / 在工藝和公用設(shè)施流之間交換熱量和功 / 674
18.6.1　Increasing the Pressure of a Process Stream and Regulating Its Flowrate / 增加工藝流的壓力并調(diào)節(jié)其流量 / 674
18.6.2　Exchanging Heat between Process Streams and Utilities / 在工藝流和公用設(shè)施之間換熱 / 676
18.6.3　Exchanging Heat between Process Streams / 在工藝流之間換熱 / 679
18.7　Logic Control / 邏輯控制 / 680
18.8　Advanced Process Control / 先進(jìn)過(guò)程控制技術(shù) / 682
18.8.1　Statistical Process Control (SPC) / 統(tǒng)計(jì)過(guò)程控制（SPC）/ 682
18.8.2　Model-Based Control / 基于模型的控制 / 683
18.9　Case Studies / 案例研究 / 683
18.9.1　The Cumene Reactor, R-801 / 異丙苯反應(yīng)器R-801 / 683
18.9.2　A Basic Control System for a Binary Distillation Column / 二元精餾塔的基本控制系統(tǒng) / 685
18.9.3　A More Sophisticated Control System for a Binary Distillation Column / 一種更精密的二元精餾塔控制系統(tǒng) / 687
18.10　Putting It All Together: The Operator Training Simulator (OTS) / 綜合考慮：操作員訓(xùn)練仿真器（OTS）/ 688
18.11　Summary / 總結(jié) / 689
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 690
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 690


第4篇　Chemical Equipment Design and Performance Process Equipment Design and Performance
化工設(shè)備和工藝設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)與性能 / 695
第19章　Process Fluid Mechanics / 過(guò)程流體力學(xué) 697
19.1　Basic Relationships in Fluid Mechanics / 流體力學(xué)中的基本關(guān)系 / 697
19.1.1　Mass Balance / 物料衡算 / 698
19.1.2　Mechanical Energy Balance / 機(jī)械能衡算 / 700
19.1.3　Force Balance / 力平衡 / 703
19.2　Fluid Flow Equipment / 流體流動(dòng)設(shè)備 / 703
19.2.1　Pipes / 管道 / 703
19.2.2　Valves / 閥門(mén) / 705
19.2.3　Pumps / 泵 / 706
19.2.4　Compressors / 壓縮機(jī) / 707
19.3　Frictional Pipe Flow / 摩擦管流 / 709
19.3.1　Calculating Frictional Losses / 計(jì)算摩擦損失 / 709
19.3.2　Incompressible Flow / 不可壓縮流動(dòng) / 712
19.3.3　Compressible Flow / 可壓縮流動(dòng) / 719
19.3.4　Choked Flow / 壅塞流 / 720
19.4　Other Flow Situations / 其他流動(dòng)情況 / 723
19.4.1　Flow Past Submerged Objects / 流過(guò)水下物體 / 723
19.4.2　Fluidized Beds / 流化床 / 728
19.4.3　Flowrate Measurement / 流量測(cè)量 / 730
19.5　Performance of Fluid Flow Equipment / 流體流動(dòng)設(shè)備的性能 / 736
19.5.1　Base-Case Ratios / 基本方案比率 / 736
19.5.2　Net Positive Suction Head / 汽蝕余量 / 739
19.5.3　Pump and System Curves / 泵與系統(tǒng)曲線 / 743
19.5.4　Compressors / 壓縮機(jī) / 749
19.5.5　Performance of the Feed Section to a Process / 工藝進(jìn)料部分的性能 / 752
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 755
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 756
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 757

第20章　Process Heat Transfer
過(guò)程傳熱 771
20.1　Basic Heat-Exchanger Relationships / 基本換熱器關(guān)系 / 771
20.1.1　Countercurrent Flow / 逆流 / 771
20.1.2　Cocurrent Flow / 并流 / 773
20.1.3　Streams with Phase Changes / 相變流 / 775
20.1.4　Nonlinear Q Versus T Curves / 非線性Q-T曲線 / 776
20.1.5　Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, U, Varies along the Exchanger / 總傳熱系數(shù)U沿?fù)Q熱器的變化 / 777
20.2　Heat-Exchange Equipment Design and Characteristics / 換熱設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)及特點(diǎn) / 779
20.2.1　Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers / 管殼式換熱器 / 779
20.3　LMTD Correction Factor for Multiple Shell and Tube Passes / 多管程和多殼程的LMTD校正系數(shù) / 789
20.3.1　Background / 背景 / 789
20.3.2　Basic Configuration of a Single-Shell-Pass, Double-Tube-Pass (1-2) Exchanger / 單殼程、雙管程（1-2）換熱器的基本配置 / 790
20.3.3　Multiple Shell-and-Tube-Pass Exchangers / 多管殼式換熱器 / 793
20.3.4　Cross-Flow Exchangers / 錯(cuò)流換熱器 / 797
20.3.5　LMTD Correction and Phase Change / LMTD校正和相變 / 797
20.4　Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients—Resistances in Series / 總傳熱系數(shù)——串聯(lián)熱阻 / 798
20.5　Estimation of Individual Heat Transfer Coefficients and Fouling Resistances / 單項(xiàng)傳熱系數(shù)和污垢阻力的估算 / 800
20.5.1　Heat Transfer Resistances Due to Fouling / 污垢引起的換熱阻力 / 800
20.5.2　Thermal Conductivities of Common Metals and Tube Properties / 常見(jiàn)金屬的熱導(dǎo)率和管材性能 / 800
20.5.3　Correlations for Film Heat Transfer Coefficients / 膜傳熱系數(shù)的關(guān)聯(lián)式 / 803
20.6　Extended Surfaces / 擴(kuò)大換熱面 / 828
20.6.1　Rectangular Fin with Constant Thickness / 等厚矩形翅片 / 829
20.6.2　Fin Efficiency for Other Fin Geometries / 其他形狀翅片的效率 / 830
20.6.3　Total Heat Transfer Surface Effectiveness / 總傳熱表面效率 / 831
20.7　Algorithm and Worked Examples for the Design of Heat Exchangers / 換熱器設(shè)計(jì)的算法與實(shí)例 / 837
20.7.1　Pressure Drop Considerations / 壓降考慮因素 / 837
20.7.2　Design Algorithm / 設(shè)計(jì)算法 / 838
20.8　Performance Problems / 性能問(wèn)題 / 846
20.8.1　What Variables to Specify in Performance Problems / 在性能問(wèn)題中要指定什么變量 / 847
20.8.2　Using Ratios to Determine Heat-Exchanger Performance / 用比值確定換熱器的性能 / 847
20.8.3　Worked Examples for Performance Problems / 性能問(wèn)題的工作示例 / 850
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 859
附錄20.A　Heat-Exchanger Effectiveness Charts / 換熱器效率圖 / 861
附錄20.B　Derivation of Fin Effectiveness for a Rectangular Fin / 矩形翅片的翅片效率推導(dǎo) / 864
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 866
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 866

第21章　Separation Equipment
分離設(shè)備 875
21.1　Basic Relationships in Separations / 分離中的基本關(guān)系 / 876
21.1.1　Mass Balances / 質(zhì)量衡算 / 876
21.1.2　Energy Balances / 能量衡算 / 877
21.1.3　Equilibrium Relationships / 平衡關(guān)系 / 877
21.1.4　Mass Transfer Relationships / 傳質(zhì)關(guān)系 / 878
21.1.5　Rate Expressions / 速率表達(dá)式 / 882
21.2　Illustrative Diagrams / 示意圖 / 883
21.2.1　TP-xy Diagrams / TP-xy圖 / 883
21.2.2　McCabe-Thiele Diagram / M-T圖 / 888
21.2.3　Dilute Solutions—The Kremser and Colburn Methods / 稀釋溶液——Kremser和Colburn方法 / 905
21.3　Equipment / 設(shè)備 / 911
21.3.1　Drums / 轉(zhuǎn)鼓 / 911
21.3.2　Tray Towers / 板式塔 / 912
21.3.3　Packed Towers / 填料塔 / 926
21.3.4　Tray Tower or Packed Tower? / 板式塔還是填料塔 / 933
21.3.5　Performance of Packed and Tray Towers / 填料塔和板式塔的性能 / 933
Case Study / 案例研究 / 934
21.4　Extraction Equipment / 萃取設(shè)備 / 942
21.4.1　Mixer-Settlers / 混合澄清槽 / 943
21.4.2　Static and Pulsed Columns / 靜態(tài)脈動(dòng)塔 / 943
21.4.3　Agitated Columns / 攪拌塔 / 943
21.4.4　Centrifugal Extractors / 離心萃取器 / 943
21.5　Gas Permeation Membrane Separations / 氣體滲透膜分離 / 947
21.5.1　Equipment / 設(shè)備 / 947
21.5.2　Models for Gas Permeation Membranes / 氣體滲透膜模型 / 949
21.5.3　Practical Issues / 實(shí)際問(wèn)題 / 950
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 951
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 952
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 954

第22章　Reactors
反應(yīng)器 961
22.1　Basic Relationships / 基本關(guān)系 / 962
22.1.1　Kinetics / 動(dòng)力學(xué) / 962
22.1.2　Equilibrium / 平衡 / 964
22.1.3　Additional Mass Transfer Effects / 附加傳質(zhì)效應(yīng) / 965
22.1.4　Mass Balances / 質(zhì)量衡算 / 970
22.1.5　Energy Balances / 能量衡算 / 971
22.1.6　Reactor Models / 反應(yīng)器模型 / 972
22.2　Equipment Design for Nonisothermal Conditions / 非等溫條件下的設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì) / 980
22.2.1　Nonisothermal Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor / 非等溫連續(xù)攪拌釜反應(yīng)器 / 980
22.2.2　Nonisothermal Plug Flow Reactor / 非等溫活塞流反應(yīng)器 / 984
22.2.3　Fluidized Bed Reactor / 流化床反應(yīng)器 / 999
22.3　Performance Problems / 性能問(wèn)題 / 1003
22.3.1　Ratios for Simple Cases / 簡(jiǎn)單案例的比率 / 1003
22.3.2　More Complex Examples / 更復(fù)雜的情況 / 1004
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 1007
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 1007
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 1008

第23章　Other Equipment
其他設(shè)備 1015
23.1　Pressure Vessels / 壓力容器 / 1016
23.1.1　Material Properties / 材料特性 / 1016
23.1.2　Basic Design Equations / 基本設(shè)計(jì)方程 / 1016
23.2　Knockout Drums or Simple Phase Separators / 分液罐或簡(jiǎn)單分相器 / 1024
23.2.1　Vapor-Liquid (V-L) Separation / 氣液（V-L）分離 / 1025
23.2.2　Design of Vertical V-L Separators / 立式氣液分離器的設(shè)計(jì) / 1029
23.2.3　Design of Horizontal V-L Separators / 臥式氣液分離器的設(shè)計(jì) / 1032
23.2.4　Mist Eliminators and Other Internals / 除霧器和其他內(nèi)部構(gòu)件 / 1036
23.2.5　Liquid-Liquid (L-L) Separation / 液液（L-L）分離 / 1044
23.3　Steam Ejectors / 蒸汽噴射器 / 1049
23.3.1　Estimating Air Leaks into Vacuum Systems and the Load for Steam Ejectors / 估算真空系統(tǒng)的空氣泄漏和蒸汽噴射器的負(fù)荷 / 1050
23.3.2　Single-Stage Steam Ejectors / 單級(jí)蒸汽噴射器 / 1051
23.3.3　Multistage Steam Ejectors / 多級(jí)蒸汽噴射器 / 1054
23.3.4　Performance of Steam Ejectors / 蒸汽噴射器的性能 / 1057
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 1058
Short Answer Questions / 簡(jiǎn)答題 / 1059
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 1060

第24章　Process Troubleshooting and Debottlenecking
過(guò)程故障排除和瓶頸消除 1065
24.1　Recommended Methodology / 優(yōu)選方法 / 1067
24.1.1　Elements of Problem-Solving Strategies / 解決問(wèn)題策略的原理 / 1067
24.1.2　Application to Troubleshooting Problems / 故障排除問(wèn)題的應(yīng)用 / 1069
24.2　Troubleshooting Individual Units / 單個(gè)單元的故障排除 / 1071
24.2.1　Troubleshooting a Packed-Bed Absorber / 填充床吸收器的故障排除 / 1071
24.2.2　Troubleshooting the Cumene Process Feed Section / 異丙苯工藝進(jìn)料段故障排除 / 1074
24.3　Troubleshooting Multiple Units / 多個(gè)單元的故障排除 / 1076
24.3.1　Troubleshooting Off-Specification Acrylic Acid Product / 不合格丙烯酸產(chǎn)品的故障排除 / 1076
24.3.2　Troubleshooting Steam Release in Cumene Reactor / 異丙苯反應(yīng)器蒸汽釋放的故障排除 / 1078
24.4　A Process Troubleshooting Problem / 過(guò)程故障排除問(wèn)題 / 1081
24.5　Debottlenecking Problems / 消除瓶頸問(wèn)題 / 1085
24.6　Summary / 總結(jié) / 1091
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 1091
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 1091


第5篇　The Impact of Chemical Engineering Design on Society
化工設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)社會(huì)的影響 1101
第25章　Ethics and Professionalism
倫理學(xué)和職業(yè)精神 1103
25.1　Ethics / 倫理學(xué) / 1104
25.1.1　Moral Autonomy / 道德自治 / 1105
25.1.2　Rehearsal / 預(yù)演 / 1105
25.1.3　Reflection in Action / 反思行動(dòng) / 1106
25.1.4　Mobile Truth / 多變的真相 / 1107
25.1.5　Nonprofessional Responsibilities / 非職業(yè)責(zé)任 / 1108
25.1.6　Duties and Obligations / 責(zé)任和義務(wù) / 1110
25.1.7　Codes of Ethics / 道德準(zhǔn)則 / 1110
25.1.8　Whistle-Blowing / 披露 / 1115
25.1.9　Ethical Dilemmas / 倫理困境 / 1117
25.1.10　Additional Ethics Heuristics / 其余的道德啟發(fā) / 1118
25.1.11　Other Resources / 其他資源 / 1118
25.2　Professional Registration / 職業(yè)登記注冊(cè) / 1121
25.2.1　Engineer-in-Training / 工程師進(jìn)修 / 1122
25.2.2　Registered Professional Engineer / 注冊(cè)專業(yè)工程師 / 1124
25.3　Legal Liability / 法律責(zé)任 / 1125
25.4　Business Codes of Conduct / 商業(yè)行為準(zhǔn)則 / 1126
25.5　Summary / 總結(jié) / 1127
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 1128
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 1129

第26章　Health, Safety, and the Environment
健康、安全和環(huán)境 1131
26.1　Risk Assessment / 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 / 1131
26.1.1　Accident Statistics / 事故統(tǒng)計(jì) / 1132
26.1.2　Worst-Case Scenarios / 最壞情景分析 / 1133
26.1.3　The Role of the Chemical Engineer / 化學(xué)工程師的作用 / 1134
26.2　Regulations and Agencies / 法規(guī)和機(jī)構(gòu) / 1134
26.2.1　OSHA and NIOSH / OSHA和NIOSH / 1135
26.2.2　Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) / 環(huán)境保護(hù)署（EPA） / 1140
26.2.3　Nongovernmental Organizations / 非政府組織 / 1143
26.3　Fires and Explosions / 火災(zāi)和爆炸 / 1143
26.3.1　Terminology / 專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ) / 1143
26.3.2　Pressure-Relief Systems / 減壓系統(tǒng) / 1145
26.4　Process Hazard Analysis / 過(guò)程危害分析 / 1145
26.4.1　HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) / HAZOP（危險(xiǎn)與可操作性分析）/ 1146
26.4.2　Dow Fire & Explosion Index and Chemical Exposure Index / 陶氏火災(zāi)爆炸指數(shù)和化學(xué)曝光指數(shù) / 1147
26.5　Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board / 化學(xué)品安全和危險(xiǎn)調(diào)查委員會(huì) / 1153
26.6　Inherently Safe Design / 本質(zhì)安全設(shè)計(jì) / 1153
26.7　Summary / 總結(jié) / 1154
26.8　Glossary / 專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ) / 1154
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 1156
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 1157

第27章　Green Engineering
綠色工程 1159
27.1　Environmental Regulations / 環(huán)境法規(guī) / 1159
27.2　Environmental Fate of Chemicals / 化學(xué)品的環(huán)境歸宿 / 1160
27.3　Green Chemistry / 綠色化學(xué) / 1163
27.4　Pollution Prevention during Process Design / 工藝設(shè)計(jì)中的污染防治 / 1164
27.5　Analysis of a PFD for Pollution Performance and Environmental Performance / 污染性能和環(huán)境性能的 PFD 分析 / 1166
27.6　An Example of the Economics of Pollution Prevention / 污染防治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)實(shí)例 / 1167
27.7　Life Cycle Analysis / 生命周期分析 / 1168
27.8　Summary / 總結(jié) / 1169
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 1170
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 1171


第6篇　Interpersonal and Communication Skills
人際關(guān)系和溝通技巧 1173
第28章　Teamwork
團(tuán)隊(duì)合作 1175
28.1　Groups / 團(tuán)隊(duì) / 1175
28.1.1　Characteristics of Effective Groups / 高效團(tuán)隊(duì)的特征 / 1176
28.1.2　Assessing and Improving the Effectiveness of a Group / 評(píng)估和提高團(tuán)隊(duì)效率 / 1178
28.1.3　Organizational Behaviors and Strategies / 組織行為與策略 / 1180
28.2　Group Evolution / 團(tuán)隊(duì)的發(fā)展歷程 / 1184
28.2.1　Forming / 形成階段 / 1184
28.2.2　Storming / 調(diào)整階段 / 1184
28.2.3　Norming / 規(guī)范化階段 / 1185
28.2.4　Performing / 執(zhí)行階段 / 1186
28.3　Teams and Teamwork / 團(tuán)隊(duì)與團(tuán)隊(duì)合作 / 1186
28.3.1　When Groups Become Teams / 小組變?yōu)閳F(tuán)隊(duì) / 1186
28.3.2　Unique Characteristics of Teams / 團(tuán)隊(duì)的獨(dú)特特征 / 1187
28.4　Misconceptions / 誤區(qū) / 1189
28.4.1　Team Exams / 團(tuán)隊(duì)考核 / 1189
28.4.2　Overreliance on Team Members / 過(guò)度依賴團(tuán)隊(duì)成員 / 1189
28.5　Learning in Teams / 團(tuán)隊(duì)學(xué)習(xí) / 1189
28.6　Other Reading / 其他材料 / 1190
28.7　Summary / 總結(jié) / 1191
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 1192
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 1192

第29章　Written and Oral Communication
書(shū)面與口頭交流 1195
29.1　Audience Analysis / 受眾分析 / 1196
29.2　Written Communication / 書(shū)面交流 / 1196
29.2.1　Design Reports / 設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告 / 1197
29.2.2　Transmittal Letters or Memos / 傳送信件或備忘錄 / 1198
29.2.3　Executive Summaries and Abstracts / 執(zhí)行概述和摘要 / 1198
29.2.4　Other Types of Written Communication / 其他類型的書(shū)面交流 / 1199
29.2.5　Exhibits (Figures and Tables) / 附件（圖片和表格）/ 1200
29.2.6　References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 1200
29.2.7　Strategies for Writing / 寫(xiě)作方法 / 1201
29.2.8　WVU and Auburn University Guidelines for Written Design Reports / 西弗吉尼亞大學(xué)和奧本大學(xué)書(shū)面設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告指南 / 1202
29.3　Oral Communication / 口頭交流 / 1209
29.3.1　Formal Oral Presentations / 正式口頭報(bào)告 / 1210
29.3.2　Briefings / 簡(jiǎn)述 / 1211
29.3.3　Visual Aids / 視覺(jué)輔助 / 1211
29.3.4　WVU and Auburn University Oral Presentation Guidelines / 西弗吉尼亞大學(xué)和奧本大學(xué)口頭報(bào)告指南 / 1212
29.4　Software and Author Responsibility / 軟件與作者職責(zé) / 1215
29.4.1　Spell Checkers / 拼寫(xiě)檢查 / 1215
29.4.2　Thesaurus / 同義詞典 / 1215
29.4.3　Grammar Checkers / 語(yǔ)法檢查 / 1215
29.4.4　Graphs / 圖片 / 1216
29.4.5　Tables / 表格 / 1217
29.4.6　Colors and Exotic Features / 色彩與異域特征 / 1217
29.4.7　Raw Output from Process Simulators / 過(guò)程模擬器的初始結(jié)果 / 1217
29.5　Summary / 總結(jié) / 1218
References / 參考文獻(xiàn) / 1218
Problems / 習(xí)題 / 1219

第30章　A Report-Writing Case Study
報(bào)告寫(xiě)作案例研究 1221
30.1　The Assignment Memorandum / 任務(wù)備忘錄 / 1221
30.2　Response Memorandum / 回應(yīng)備忘錄 / 1222
30.3　Visual Aids / 視覺(jué)輔助 / 1224
30.4　Example Reports / 報(bào)告實(shí)例 / 1230
30.4.1　An Example of a Portion of a Student Written Report / 學(xué)生書(shū)面報(bào)告的部分示例 / 1231
30.4.2　An Example of an Improved Student Written Report / 學(xué)生書(shū)面報(bào)告的改進(jìn)示例 / 1232
30.5　Checklist of Common Mistakes and Errors / 常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤 / 1243
30.5.1　Common Mistakes for Visual Aids / 視覺(jué)輔助的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤 / 1243
30.5.2　Common Mistakes for Written Text / 書(shū)面文本的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤 / 1244


電子版附錄A　Cost Equations and Curves for the CAPCOST Program
CAPCOST程序的成本方程和曲線 1247
A.1　Purchased Equipment Costs / 采購(gòu)設(shè)備成本 / 1247
A.2　Pressure Factors / 壓力因素 / 1264
A.3　Material Factors and Bare Module Factors / 材料因素和裸模塊系數(shù) / 1267

電子版附錄B Information for the Preliminary Design of Fifteen Chemical Processes
十五種化工工藝初步設(shè)計(jì)資料 1277
B.1　Dimethyl Ether (DME) Production, Unit 200 / 制備二甲醚（DME）（裝置200）/ 1278
B.2　Ethylbenzene Production, Unit 300 / 制備乙苯（裝置300）/ 1283
B.3　Styrene Production, Unit 400 / 制備苯乙烯（裝置400）/ 1291
B.4　Drying Oil Production, Unit 500 / 制備干性油（裝置500）/ 1299
B.5　Production of Maleic Anhydride from Benzene, Unit 600 / 由苯制備馬來(lái)酸酐（裝置600） / 1305
B.6　Ethylene Oxide Production, Unit 700 / 制備環(huán)氧乙烷（裝置700）/ 1311
B.7　Formalin Production, Unit 800 / 制備福爾馬林（裝置800）/ 1317
B.8　Batch Production of L-Phenylalanine and L-Aspartic Acid, Unit 900 / 批量制備L-苯丙氨酸和 L-天冬氨酸（裝置900）/ 1323
B.9　Acrylic Acid Production via The Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Propylene, Unit 1000 / 丙烯催化部分氧化制備丙烯酸（裝置1000）/ 1329
B.10　Production of Acetone via the Dehydrogenation of Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA), Unit 1100 / 異丙醇（IPA）脫氫制備丙酮（裝置1100）/ 1338
B.11　Production of Heptenes from Propylene and Butenes, Unit 1200 / 丙烯和丁烯制備庚烯（裝置1200）/ 1345
B.12　Design of a Shift Reactor Unit to Convert CO to CO2, Unit 1300 / 設(shè)計(jì)由CO轉(zhuǎn)化為CO2的變換反應(yīng)器（裝置1300）/ 1352
B.13　Design of a Dual-Stage Selexol Unit to Remove CO2 and H2S from Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas, Unit 1400 / 設(shè)計(jì)從煤衍生合成氣中去除CO2和H2S的雙級(jí)Selexol裝置（裝置1400）/ 1356
B.14　Design of a Claus Unit for the Conversion of H2S to Elemental Sulfur, Unit 1500 / 設(shè)計(jì)用于將H2S轉(zhuǎn)化為元素硫的Claus裝置（裝置1500）/ 1363
B.15　Modeling a Downward-Flow, Oxygen-Blown, Entrained-Flow Gasifier, Unit 1600 / 模擬向下流動(dòng)、吹氧、氣流床氣化爐（裝置1600）/ 1371

電子版附錄Ｃ　Design Projects
設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目 1379
項(xiàng)目1　Increasing the Production of 3-Chloro-1-Propene (Allyl Chloride) in Unit 600 / 提高裝置600的 3-氯-1-丙烯（烯丙基氯）的產(chǎn)量 / 1381
項(xiàng)目2　Design and Optimization of a New 20,000-Metric-Tons-per-Year Facility to Produce Allyl Chloride at La Nueva antina, Mexico
設(shè)計(jì)并優(yōu)化位于墨西哥La Nueva Cantina的年產(chǎn)20000噸烯丙基氯的新設(shè)備 / 1394
項(xiàng)目3　Scale-Down of Phthalic Anhydride Production at TBWS Unit 700 / TBWS 700裝置鄰苯二甲酸酐生產(chǎn)規(guī)�？s減 / 1401
項(xiàng)目4　The Design of a New 100,000-Metric-Tons-per-Year Phthalic Anhydride Production Facility / 設(shè)計(jì)新的年產(chǎn)10萬(wàn)噸的鄰苯二甲酸酐生產(chǎn)裝置 / 1412
項(xiàng)目5　Problems at the Cumene Production Facility, Unit 800 / 異丙苯生產(chǎn)設(shè)施的問(wèn)題（裝置800）/ 1417
項(xiàng)目6　Design of a New 100,000-Metric-Tons-per-Year Cumene Production Facility / 設(shè)計(jì)新的年產(chǎn)10萬(wàn)噸的異丙苯生產(chǎn)設(shè)施 / 1430

Index
電子版索引