能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，是以可再生能源為優(yōu)先，電力能源為基礎(chǔ)，各種能源協(xié)同、供給與消費協(xié)同、集中式與分布式協(xié)同、大眾參與的新型生態(tài)化能源系統(tǒng)。能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是智能電網(wǎng)的演進和升級，是能源電力系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的更高階段。利用能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，可提高可再生能源比重，促進互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與能源系統(tǒng)的深度融合，實現(xiàn)多能源的有效互補和高效利用。
《能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)》分為七章，第一章闡述了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展背景、基本概念、基本架構(gòu)、意義及效益等；第二章分析了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的驅(qū)動力和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，解讀了相關(guān)政策和規(guī)劃；第三章介紹了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)標準機構(gòu)、標準體系和重要標準；第四章從六個方向論述了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)；第五章描述了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)與設(shè)備；第六描繪了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和智慧生態(tài)的應(yīng)用場景；第七章介紹了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)的示范應(yīng)用工程。
1.采用通俗易懂的主題問答式手法，深入淺出地介紹了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的相關(guān)專業(yè)知識和應(yīng)用場景，既可以作為關(guān)注能源電力發(fā)展的大眾科普讀物，也可以作為去企業(yè)和大專院校的教學和培訓(xùn)參考用書。
2.作者為教授級高級工程師，中國電力科學研究院技術(shù)戰(zhàn)略研究中心研究員，長期從事電力系統(tǒng)自動化領(lǐng)域科研工作。主要研究領(lǐng)域：能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、智能電網(wǎng)、需求側(cè)管理、用電自動化等。學術(shù)兼職：IECPC118 WG1/WG2工作組成員，全國智能電網(wǎng)用戶接口標準化技術(shù)委員會副秘書長，海峽兩岸智慧電網(wǎng)共通標準智能用電與需求響應(yīng)專家小組組長，中國電機工程學會高級會員。文章發(fā)表與專著出版：在國內(nèi)外專業(yè)期刊及國際學術(shù)會議上發(fā)表論文40余篇，主編了《電力負荷管理系統(tǒng)技術(shù)及應(yīng)用》、《智能電網(wǎng)：用電信息采集系統(tǒng)技術(shù)及應(yīng)用》等專著，參編數(shù)十部著作。
能源是經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。中國經(jīng)濟經(jīng)過 30 年高速增長，能源生產(chǎn)量及消耗量已躍居世界，僅煤炭消費量就占全球的 50%。2020 年 9 月 22 日，習近平主席在第七十五屆聯(lián)合國大會一般性辯論上鄭重宣布，中國將提高國家自主貢獻力度，采取更加有力的政策和措施，二氧化碳排放力爭 2030 年前達到峰值，努力爭取 2060年前實現(xiàn)碳中和。為響應(yīng)習近平主席號召，積極應(yīng)對碳排放帶來的全球氣候變化問題，國家電網(wǎng)有限公司于 2021 年 3 月發(fā)布其碳達峰、碳中和行動方案，提出電網(wǎng)是連接電力生產(chǎn)和消費的重要網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺，是能源轉(zhuǎn)型的中心，是電力系統(tǒng)碳減排的核心樞紐，并計劃進一步推動電網(wǎng)向能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)升級，到 2025 年，初步建成國際領(lǐng)先的能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。
早在 2015 年，習近平總書記在聯(lián)合國發(fā)展峰會上倡導(dǎo)探討構(gòu)建全球能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，推動以清潔和綠色方式滿足全球電力需求。能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的持續(xù)發(fā)展，集成能源傳輸、資源配置、信息交互、智能服務(wù)、市場交易于一體，既是未來能源系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重要趨
勢，也是通過推動多能協(xié)調(diào)互補進而推動清潔能源消納、實現(xiàn)能源行業(yè)碳減排的重要手段。能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是智能電網(wǎng)的擴展和延伸，是以智能電網(wǎng)為基礎(chǔ)，以消納新能源為目標，采用先進的信息及通信技術(shù)及電力電子技術(shù)，通過分布式動態(tài)能量管理系統(tǒng)對
分布式能源設(shè)備實施廣域優(yōu)化協(xié)調(diào)控制，實現(xiàn)冷、熱、氣、水、電等多種能源互補，提高用能效率的新型生態(tài)化能源系統(tǒng)。未來，能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展將以雙碳達標為方向，以綠色、低碳、互聯(lián)、價值為目標，完善能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)頂層設(shè)計，研究基于大
云物移智鏈的能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，構(gòu)建實現(xiàn)電、熱、氣多類型能源的源網(wǎng)荷儲多環(huán)節(jié)互聯(lián)互通、互濟互動。依托能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，探索商業(yè)模式創(chuàng)新，開展網(wǎng)、源、荷一體化運營示范。
本書共分為七章，章闡述了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展背景、基本概念、基本架構(gòu)、意義及效益分析等；第二章分析了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的驅(qū)動力和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，解讀了相關(guān)政策和規(guī)劃；第三章介紹了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)標準機構(gòu)、標準體系和重要標準；第四章從六個方向闡述了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)；第五章闡述了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)與設(shè)備；第六描述了能源與智慧生活的方方面面；第七章介紹了能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)的示范應(yīng)用工程。
本書的編寫目的主要是為能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)建設(shè)提供參考與服務(wù)。力求做到內(nèi)容新穎、知識全面、概念準確、通俗易懂、實用性強、適應(yīng)面廣。本書編寫過程中，參考了國內(nèi)外大量的技術(shù)文獻，并結(jié)合作者開展的相關(guān)科研成果和工程實踐，為廣大讀者開闊視野、了解學習能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)知識提供了一本快速入門的專業(yè)級技術(shù)讀本。
在本書的大綱框架制定、專題選題和初稿討論階段，得到中國能源研究會副會長王凡、東南大學教授湯奕、中國電科院新能源中心張占奎等專家的指導(dǎo)，在本書專題的編寫過程中，得到了華北電力大學通信技術(shù)研究所師生的熱心幫助，本書的專題討論、資料收集和編輯校對，得到了吳澤志、胡純瑾、李含嵩、楊雪瑩、李啟明、朱睿、田珂、白雪峰、張崇崇、潘雨情、劉宇軒、王京菊、李志超、李悅欣等同學的大力協(xié)助，在此一并表示感謝！
由于編著者水平有限，書中疏漏之處在所難免，敬請廣大讀者批評指正。
教授級高級工程師，中國電力科學研究院技術(shù)戰(zhàn)略研究中心研究員，長期從事電力系統(tǒng)自動化領(lǐng)域科研工作。主要研究領(lǐng)域：能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、智能電網(wǎng)、需求側(cè)管理、用電自動化等。學術(shù)兼職：IECPC118 WG1/WG2工作組成員，全國智能電網(wǎng)用戶接口標準化技術(shù)委員會副秘書長，海峽兩岸智慧電網(wǎng)共通標準智能用電與需求響應(yīng)專家小組組長，中國電機工程學會高級會員。
前言
章 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)概述 ······································································································· 1
1.1 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展背景······························································································· 1
1.2 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)基本概念······························································································· 2
1.3 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的主要特征··························································································· 4
1.4 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的基本架構(gòu)··························································································· 5
1.5 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展意義··························································································· 6
1.6 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的效益分析··························································································· 7
第二章 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與規(guī)劃 ···················································································· 9
2.1 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展驅(qū)動力··························································································· 9
2.2 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)戰(zhàn)略分析····························································································· 10
2.3 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)政策······························································································11
2.4 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)規(guī)劃····························································································· 14
第三章 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)標準······························································································ 20
3.1 標準組織和機構(gòu) ···································································································· 20
3.2 標準體系及標準化工作························································································· 34
3.3 重要技術(shù)標準 ········································································································ 48
第四章 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)······························································································ 56
4.1 新能源發(fā)電與并網(wǎng)································································································· 56
4.2 能源電力網(wǎng)架 ········································································································ 73
4.3 負荷與用電 ···········································································································129
4.4 儲能·······················································································································147
4.5 網(wǎng)絡(luò)與信息 ···········································································································159
4.6 共性與集成技術(shù) ···································································································181
第五章 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備與系統(tǒng)·························································································205
5.1 設(shè)備·······················································································································205
5.2 系統(tǒng)·······················································································································240
5.3 設(shè)施·······················································································································267
第六章 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與智慧生態(tài)·························································································285
6.1 行業(yè)應(yīng)用場景 ·······································································································285
6.2 綜合應(yīng)用場景 ·······································································································299
第七章 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)示范應(yīng)用·····························································································309
7.1 綜合示范工程 ·······································································································309
7.2 專業(yè)示范工程 ·······································································································318
參考文獻 ·······························································································································333
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