第 1 章 新一代信息技術(shù)概論............................ 1

1.1 信息技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介..............................................1

1.1.1 信息技術(shù)的定義..................................1

1.1.2 信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史..........................2

1.1.3 信息技術(shù)的分類..................................4

1.2 信息技術(shù)發(fā)展新亮點(diǎn)..................................4

1.2.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)..................................................4

1.2.2 云計(jì)算..................................................5

1.2.3 大數(shù)據(jù)..................................................6

1.2.4 人工智能..............................................6

1.2.5 5G .........................................................7

1.2.6 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)..............................................8

1.2.7 區(qū)塊鏈..................................................8

1.3 新一代信息技術(shù)..........................................9

1.3.1 新一代信息技術(shù)的概念......................9

1.3.2 新一代信息技術(shù)的特征......................9

1.3.3 新一代信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)............12

課后題.................................................................13

第 2 章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)................................................. 15

2.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)概述................................................15

2.1.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的概念....................................15

2.1.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)............................16

2.1.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)案例................................18

2.2 感知層技術(shù)................................................19

2.2.1 條形碼技術(shù)........................................19

2.2.2 射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)....................................21

2.2.3 近場(chǎng)通信技術(shù)....................................23

2.2.4 傳感器的基本概念............................24

2.2.5 傳感器的分類....................................25

2.2.6 新型傳感器........................................26

2.3 有線接入技術(shù)............................................28

2.3.1 串行通信............................................28

2.3.2 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線............................................30

2.3.3 總線通信協(xié)議....................................32

2.4 短距離無線接入技術(shù)................................33

2.4.1 藍(lán)牙技術(shù)............................................33

2.4.2 ZigBee 技術(shù) .......................................37

2.5 廣域無線接入技術(shù)....................................43

2.5.1 LoRa 技術(shù)..........................................43

2.5.2 LoRaWAN..........................................44

2.5.3 LoRaWAN 生態(tài).................................45

2.5.4 LoRa 案例..........................................45

2.6 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景........................................46

2.6.1 智能家居............................................47

2.6.2 智慧農(nóng)業(yè)............................................48

2.6.3 智慧交通............................................49

2.7 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)云平臺(tái)............................................50

2.7.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)盤點(diǎn)................................50

2.7.2 百科榮創(chuàng)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)云平臺(tái)....................51

2.8 項(xiàng)目實(shí)訓(xùn)....................................................52

課后題.................................................................58

第 3 章 云計(jì)算 ............................................... 61

3.1 初識(shí)云計(jì)算................................................61

3.1.1 什么是云計(jì)算....................................61

3.1.2 云計(jì)算的發(fā)展歷史............................62

3.1.3 云計(jì)算的特點(diǎn)....................................62

3.1.4 云計(jì)算架構(gòu)........................................63

3.2 其他計(jì)算模型............................................64

3.2.1 并行計(jì)算............................................64

3.2.2 分布式計(jì)算........................................65

3.2.3 網(wǎng)格計(jì)算............................................66

3.3 云計(jì)算核心技術(shù)........................................67

3.3.1 虛擬化技術(shù)........................................67

3.3.2 分布式數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)........................71

3.3.3 編程模型............................................72

3.3.4 大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)管理................................72

3.3.5 云計(jì)算平臺(tái)管理................................73

3.4 云計(jì)算服務(wù)類型........................................73

3.4.1 本地部署和云計(jì)算服務(wù)....................73

3.4.2 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施即服務(wù)（IaaS）.................74

3.4.3 平臺(tái)即服務(wù)（PaaS）........................76

3.4.4 軟件即服務(wù)（SaaS）........................78

3.4.5 服務(wù)模式的區(qū)別................................79

3.5 云計(jì)算部署模式........................................80

3.5.21公有云：關(guān)注性價(jià)比........................80

3.5.2 私有云：關(guān)注信息安全....................81

3.5.3 社區(qū)云：過渡性模式........................82

3.5.4 混合云：兼顧性價(jià)比與信息安全....82

3.6 國內(nèi)外主流云服務(wù)商................................83

3.6.1 國外主流云服務(wù)商............................83

3.6.2 國內(nèi)主流云服務(wù)商............................85

3.7 邊緣計(jì)算....................................................87

3.7.1 認(rèn)識(shí)邊緣計(jì)算....................................87

3.7.2 邊緣計(jì)算和云計(jì)算............................90

3.7.3 云邊協(xié)同............................................90

3.8 云計(jì)算的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景....................................91

3.8.1 云存儲(chǔ)................................................92

3.8.2 云安全................................................92

3.8.3 云視頻................................................93

3.8.4 云物流................................................93

3.8.5 政務(wù)云................................................94

3.8.6 云醫(yī)療................................................95

3.8.7 教育云................................................95

3.8.8 云制造................................................96

3.9 項(xiàng)目實(shí)訓(xùn)....................................................96

課后題...............................................................100

第 4 章 大數(shù)據(jù) ............................................. 102

4.1 認(rèn)識(shí)大數(shù)據(jù)..............................................102

4.1.1 什么是大數(shù)據(jù)..................................102

4.1.2 大數(shù)據(jù)的特征..................................102

4.1.3 大數(shù)據(jù)的思維..................................104

4.2 大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)......................................105

4.2.1 大數(shù)據(jù)處理的基本流程..................105

4.2.2 大數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)..............................106

4.2.3 大數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理技術(shù)..........................106

4.2.4 大數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)......................................107

4.2.5 大數(shù)據(jù)處理與分析技術(shù)..................107

4.2.6 大數(shù)據(jù)可視化..................................108

4.3 大數(shù)據(jù)采集..............................................108

4.3.1 大數(shù)據(jù)采集的意義..........................108

4.3.2 數(shù)據(jù)采集的方法..............................108

4.4 大數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理技術(shù).................................. 111

4.4.1 數(shù)據(jù)清洗.......................................... 111

4.4.2 數(shù)據(jù)集成..........................................115

4.4.3 數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換..........................................116

4.4.4 數(shù)據(jù)歸約..........................................116

4.5 大數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)..............................................117

4.5.1 大數(shù)據(jù)文件系統(tǒng)..............................117

4.5.2 NoSQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫.................................118

4.5.3 數(shù)據(jù)倉庫..........................................122

4.6 大數(shù)據(jù)處理與分析..................................123

4.6.1 Hadoop 大數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng) ................123

4.6.2 MapReduce 大數(shù)據(jù)批處理系統(tǒng)......125

4.6.3 Spark 大數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)處理系統(tǒng)............126

4.6.4 Storm ................................................127

4.6.5 數(shù)據(jù)挖掘..........................................128

4.7 大數(shù)據(jù)可視化..........................................129

4.7.1 數(shù)據(jù)可視化概述..............................129

4.7.2 數(shù)據(jù)可視化工具介紹......................129

4.8 大數(shù)據(jù)典型應(yīng)用......................................131

4.8.1 大數(shù)據(jù)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用..........131

4.8.2 大數(shù)據(jù)在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用..............133

4.8.3 大數(shù)據(jù)在城市管理中的應(yīng)用..........135

4.8.4 大數(shù)據(jù)在其他領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用..............138

4.9 項(xiàng)目實(shí)訓(xùn)..................................................138

課后題...............................................................145

第 5 章 人工智能......................................... 148

5.1 人工智能概述..........................................148

5.1.1 人工智能的定義..............................148

5.1.2 人工智能的發(fā)展..............................148

5.1.3 人工智能主要學(xué)派..........................150

5.1.4 人工智能編程語言..........................152

5.1.5 人工智能開發(fā)框架..........................153

5.2 機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)..................................................154

5.2.1 什么是機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)..............................155

5.2.2 機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的分類..............................156

5.2.3 機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的工作流程......................159

5.2.4 機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)常見算法模型..................160

5.3 深度學(xué)習(xí)..................................................163

5.3.1 什么是人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)......................163

5.3.2 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的輸入..............................164

5.3.3 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)如何進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)..................165

5.3.4 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)如何學(xué)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)..................167

5.3.5 常見的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型......................167

5.4 圖像識(shí)別..................................................169

5.4.1 圖像識(shí)別技術(shù)概述..........................169

5.4.2 什么是人臉識(shí)別..............................170

5.4.3 人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)原理..........................170

5.4.4 人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)應(yīng)用..........................171

5.4.5 什么是 OCR 技術(shù)............................171

5.4.6技術(shù)原理.................................171

5.5 語音識(shí)別..................................................175

5.5.1 語音識(shí)別概述..................................175

5.5.2 語音識(shí)別算法..................................176

5.5.3 什么是聲紋識(shí)別..............................180

5.5.4 聲紋識(shí)別模型..................................181

5.5.5 聲紋識(shí)別應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢(shì)..........................182

5.6 自然語言處理..........................................182

5.6.1 自然語言處理概述..........................182

5.6.2 自然語言理解..................................183

5.6.3 自然語言生成..................................184

5.6.4 走近知識(shí)圖譜..................................184

5.6.5 知識(shí)圖譜的體系架構(gòu)......................185

5.6.6 知識(shí)圖譜應(yīng)用..................................186

5.7 人工智能的典型應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域......................187

5.7.1 制造..................................................187

5.7.2 家居..................................................187

5.7.3 金融..................................................187

5.7.4 零售..................................................188

5.7.5 交通..................................................188

5.7.6 安防..................................................189

5.7.7 醫(yī)療..................................................190

5.7.8 教育..................................................190

5.7.9 物流..................................................190

5.8 項(xiàng)目實(shí)訓(xùn)..................................................191

課后題...............................................................192

第 6 章 5G ................................................... 194

6.1 走進(jìn) 5G 世界 ...........................................194

6.1.1 無線電信號(hào)頻譜..............................194

6.1.2 移動(dòng)通信的發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史......................197

6.1.3 移動(dòng)通信基礎(chǔ)..................................200

6.1.4 蜂窩移動(dòng)通信的概述......................201

6.1.5 5G 的概述........................................204

6.1.6 展望 6G ............................................205

6.2 5G 的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與架構(gòu) ....................................206

6.2.1 5G 的通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)................................206

6.2.2 5G 頻譜的部署................................208

6.2.3 5G 的組網(wǎng)........................................211

6.2.4 5G 整體架構(gòu)....................................213

6.3 5G 網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)鍵技術(shù) ....................................216

6.3.1 提高效率的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)分析..............216

6.3.2 降低時(shí)延的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)......................220

6.3.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)切片技術(shù)..................................221

6.4 三大應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景..........................................223

6.4.1 eMBB 應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景分析 ......................223

6.4.2 mMTC 應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景分析 .....................225

6.4.3 URLLC 應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景分析....................226

6.5 5G 產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈 ................................................227

6.6 5G 典型應(yīng)用 ............................................228

6.6.1 5G 直播............................................228

6.6.2 5G 智能電網(wǎng)....................................230

6.6.3 5G 智慧醫(yī)療....................................231

6.6.4 5G 安防............................................233

6.6.5 5G 智慧城市....................................234

6.7 項(xiàng)目實(shí)訓(xùn)..................................................237

課后題...............................................................240

第 7 章 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)......................................... 242

7.1 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)概述..........................................242

7.1.1 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的概念..............................242

7.1.2 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的特征..............................242

7.1.3 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的發(fā)展..............................244

7.1.4 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)系統(tǒng)的分類......................248

7.2 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的核心技術(shù)..............................251

7.2.1 立體顯示技術(shù)..................................251

7.2.2 環(huán)境建模技術(shù)..................................253

7.2.3 三維虛擬聲音的實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)..............255

7.2.4 人機(jī)自然交互技術(shù)..........................256

7.2.5 實(shí)時(shí)碰撞檢測(cè)技術(shù)..........................258

7.3 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)系統(tǒng)的解決方案......................259

7.3.1 常用硬件設(shè)備..................................259

7.3.2 移動(dòng) VR............................................264

7.3.3 VR 一體機(jī)........................................265

7.3.4 基于主機(jī)的 VR................................267

7.4 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)內(nèi)容的設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā)..................268

7.4.1 內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)..........................................268

7.4.2 內(nèi)容制作方式..................................271

7.4.3 開發(fā)引擎..........................................275

7.5 增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)..................................................277

7.5.1 增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)的認(rèn)知..............................277

7.5.2 增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)..............279

7.5.3 增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的開發(fā)工具..............281

7.5.4 增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用......................282

7.6 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)在各行業(yè)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用..............285

7.6.1 VR 游戲............................................285

7.6.2 VR 影視............................................286

7.6.3 VR 教育............................................288

7.6.4 軍事............................................289

7.6.5 VR 旅游............................................289

7.6.6 VR 醫(yī)學(xué)............................................291

7.6.7 其他領(lǐng)域..........................................292

7.7 項(xiàng)目實(shí)訓(xùn)..................................................293

課后題...............................................................297

第 8 章 區(qū)塊鏈 ............................................. 299

8.1 區(qū)塊鏈概述..............................................299

8.1.1 區(qū)塊鏈的早應(yīng)用比特幣......299

8.1.2 區(qū)塊鏈的特征..................................302

8.1.3 區(qū)塊鏈的分類..................................304

8.1.4 區(qū)塊鏈開發(fā)平臺(tái)..............................305

8.2 區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)體系......................................307

8.2.1 區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)架構(gòu)..............................307

8.2.2 區(qū)塊鏈關(guān)鍵技術(shù)..............................308

8.2.3 區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)趨勢(shì)..............................312

8.3 密碼學(xué)和安全技術(shù)..................................313

8.3.1 對(duì)稱加密和非對(duì)稱加密..................313

8.3.2 哈希算法..........................................314

8.3.3 數(shù)字簽名..........................................315

8.4 P2P 網(wǎng)絡(luò)...................................................316

8.4.1 P2P 網(wǎng)絡(luò)原理...................................316

8.4.2 P2P 架構(gòu)與 C/S 架構(gòu)的比較...........316

8.5 共識(shí)機(jī)制..................................................317

8.5.1 拜占庭將軍問題..............................317

8.5.2 工作量證明（PoW）......................319

8.5.3 權(quán)益證明（PoS）............................319

8.6 智能合約..................................................320

8.6.1 智能合約的定義..............................320

8.6.2 智能合約的原理..............................320

8.7 區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)典型應(yīng)用..............................321

8.7.1 區(qū)塊鏈在金融領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用..............322

8.7.2 區(qū)塊鏈在公證管理領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用......323

8.7.3 區(qū)塊鏈在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用......325

8.7.4 區(qū)塊鏈在版權(quán)管理領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用......326

8.8 項(xiàng)目實(shí)訓(xùn)..................................................327

課后題...............................................................328

參考文獻(xiàn) ........................................................ 330