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交互設計:超越人機交互(原書第5版)
本書由交互設計界的三位學者聯(lián)袂撰寫,是該領域的經(jīng)典著作,被全球各地的大學選作教材。新版本繼承了本書一貫的跨學科特色,并與時俱進地新增一章討論數(shù)據(jù)分析,同時補充了新的發(fā)展成果。書中包含大量實例,涉及敏捷用戶體驗、社會媒體與情感交互、混合現(xiàn)實與腦機界面等。全書緊緊圍繞設計與評估的迭代過程,不僅包含了傳統(tǒng)的理論知識、實例解析、實踐指導等內容,還通過“窘境”模塊討論了一系列啟迪思考的開放問題。此外,本書網(wǎng)站www.id-book.com也為讀者提供了豐富的資源,包括教學PPT以及大量的案例研究。
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本書贊譽 譯者序 前言 作者簡介 第1章 什么是交互設計 ·······························1 1.1 引言 ·································1 1.2 優(yōu)劣設計 ······································2 1.2.1 語音郵件系統(tǒng) ······························2 1.2.2 遙控設備 ·······································3 1.2.3 設計什么 ·······································5 1.3 何謂交互設計 ············································6 1.3.1 交互設計的組成 ··························7 1.3.2 參與交互設計的人員 ·················8 1.3.3 交互設計顧問 ······························9 1.4 用戶體驗 ·········································9 1.5 了解用戶 ···········································11 1.6 無障礙設計和包容性設計 ····················12 1.7 可用性和用戶體驗目標 ························13 1.7.1 可用性目標 ·································13 1.7.2 用戶體驗目標 ····························16 1.7.3 設計原則 ·····································18 深入練習 ································22 總結 ·········································22 拓展閱讀 ································23 第2章 交互設計的過程 ·····························26 2.1 引言 ·····································26 2.2 交互設計中涉及什么·····························27 2.2.1 理解問題空間 ····························29 2.2.2 用戶參與的重要性····················30 2.2.3 用戶參與的程度 ························32 2.2.4 什么是以用戶為中心的方法 ·····33 2.2.5 交互設計的四項基本活動 ······35 2.2.6 交互設計的簡單生命周期模型 ····························36 2.3 一些實際問題··········································39 2.3.1 用戶是誰 ·····································39 2.3.2 用戶的需求是什么····················40 2.3.3 如何生成備選設計方案 ···········41 2.3.4 如何在備選方案間進行選擇 ·····42 2.3.5 如何將交互設計活動整合到其他生命周期模型中 ···············45 深入練習 ································46 總結 ·········································46 拓展閱讀 ································46 第 3章 概念化交互 ·······································48 3.1 引言 ·······························48 3.2 概念化交互 ··············································49 3.3 概念模型 ···················································51 3.4 界面隱喻 ···················································54 3.5 交互類型 ···················································56 3.5.1 指示 ··············································57 3.5.2 對話 ··············································58 3.5.3 操作 ··············································59 3.5.4 探索 ··············································60 3.5.5 響應 ··············································61 3.6 范例、愿景、理論、模型和框架 ······62 3.6.1 范例 ··············································62 3.6.2 愿景 ··············································63 3.6.3 理論 ··············································64 3.6.4 模型 ··············································64 3.6.5 框架 ··············································64 深入練習 ································66 總結 ·········································66 拓展閱讀 ································67 第 4章 認知方面 ············································70 4.1 引言 ·······························70 4.2 什么是認知 ··············································70 4.2.1 注意力 ··········································71 4.2.2 感知 ··············································75 4.2.3 記憶 ··············································77 4.2.4 學習 ··············································82 4.2.5 閱讀、說話和聆聽····················83 4.2.6 解決問題、規(guī)劃、推理和決策 ·······························84 4.3 認知框架 ··············································85 4.3.1 心智模型 ·····································85 4.3.2 執(zhí)行鴻溝和評估鴻溝 ···············87 4.3.3 信息處理 ·····································88 4.3.4 分布式認知 ·································88 4.3.5 外部認知 ·····································90 4.3.6 具身交互 ·····································91 深入練習 ································92 總結 ·········································93 拓展閱讀 ································93 第5章 社會化交互 ·······································94 5.1 引言 ·······························94 5.2 社交 ·······························94 5.3 面對面對話 ··············································97 5.4 遠程對話 ·················································100 5.5 共現(xiàn) ·········································105 5.5.1 物理協(xié)調 ···································105 5.5.2 感知 ············································106 5.5.3 共享界面 ···································107 5.6 社會參與 ·················································111 深入練習 ······························113 總結 ·······································114 拓展閱讀 ······························114 第6章 情感化交互 ·····································116 6.1 引言 ··········································116 6.2 情緒和用戶體驗 ···································116 6.3 富有表現(xiàn)力的界面和情感化設計 ····120 6.4 令人厭煩的界面 ···································122 6.5 情感計算與情感人工智能 ··················125 6.6 說服技術與行為改變···························127 6.7 擬人論 ················································130 深入練習 ······························132 總結 ·······································133 拓展閱讀 ······························133 第7章 界面 ····················································135 7.1 引言 ···········································135 7.2 界面類型 ············································135 7.2.1 命令行界面 ·······························136 7.2.2 圖形用戶界面 ··························137 7.2.3 多媒體 ········································146 7.2.4 虛擬現(xiàn)實 ···································148 7.2.5 網(wǎng)站設計 ···································151 7.2.6 移動設備 ···································153 7.2.7 家用電器 ···································155 7.2.8 語音用戶界面 ··························156 7.2.9 基于筆的設備 ··························159 7.2.10 觸摸屏······································160 7.2.11 基于手勢的系統(tǒng) ····················161 7.2.12 觸覺界面 ·································162 7.2.13 多模式界面 ·····························164 7.2.14 可共享界面 ·····························165 7.2.15 實體界面 ·································167 7.2.16 增強現(xiàn)實 ·································169 7.2.17 可穿戴設備 ·····························172 7.2.18 機器人和無人機 ····················173 7.2.19 腦機交互 ·································175 7.2.20 智能界面 ·································176 7.3 自然用戶界面及其延伸 ······················177 7.4 選擇哪種界面 ········································178 深入練習 ······························179 總結 ·······································179 拓展閱讀 ······························179 第8章 數(shù)據(jù)收集 ··········································182 8.1 引言 ·············································182 8.2 五個關鍵問題 ········································182 8.2.1 目標設置 ···································183 8.2.2 確定被試 ···································183 8.2.3 與被試之間的關系··················184 8.2.4 三角測量 ···································185 8.2.5 試點研究 ···································186 8.3 數(shù)據(jù)記錄 ·················································186 8.3.1 筆記加照片 ·······························186 8.3.2 音頻加照片 ·······························187 8.3.3 視頻 ············································187 8.4 訪談 ··············································188 8.4.1 非結構化訪談 ··························188 8.4.2 結構化訪談 ·······························189 8.4.3 半結構化訪談 ··························189 8.4.4 焦點小組 ···································190 8.4.5 計劃和引導訪談 ······················191 8.4.6 其他形式的訪談 ······················194 8.4.7 豐富訪談體驗 ··························195 8.5 問卷調查 ·················································195 8.5.1 問卷結構 ···································196 8.5.2 問題和回答的格式··················196 8.5.3 管理問卷 ···································199 8.6 觀察 ············································202 8.6.1 實地直接觀察 ··························203 8.6.2 受控環(huán)境中的直接觀察 ·········208 8.6.3 間接觀察:跟蹤用戶活動 ····210 8.7 技術的選擇與結合 ·······························212 深入練習 ······························214 總結 ·······································214 拓展閱讀 ······························215 第9章 數(shù)據(jù)分析、解釋和呈現(xiàn) ·············216 9.1 引言 ············································216 9.2 定量與定性 ············································217 9.3 基礎定量分析 ········································219 9.4 基礎定性分析 ········································225 9.4.1 確定主題 ···································227 9.4.2 數(shù)據(jù)分類 ···································228 9.4.3 關鍵事件分析 ··························230 9.5 使用何種分析框架 ·······························231 9.5.1 對話分析 ···································232 9.5.2 話語分析 ···································233 9.5.3 內容分析 ···································234 9.5.4 交互分析 ···································234 9.5.5 扎根理論 ···································235 9.5.6 基于系統(tǒng)的框架 ······················239 9.6 支持數(shù)據(jù)分析的工具···························241 9.7 解釋和呈現(xiàn)研究結果···························241 9.7.1 結構化符號 ·······························243 9.7.2 故事的運用 ·······························243 9.7.3 總結研究結果 ··························244 深入練習 ······························244 總結 ·······································245 拓展閱讀 ······························245 第10章 大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù) ···································247 10.1 引言 ············································247 10.2 收集和分析數(shù)據(jù)的方法 ····················248 10.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)抓取和“第二來源” 數(shù)據(jù) ··········································249 10.2.2 收集個人數(shù)據(jù) ························250 10.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)眾包 ·································250 10.2.4 情感分析 ·································254 10.2.5 社交網(wǎng)絡分析 ························254 10.2.6 組合多個數(shù)據(jù)源 ····················258 10.3 數(shù)據(jù)可視化和數(shù)據(jù)挖掘 ····················260 10.4 倫理設計問題 ······································267 深入練習 ······························272 總結 ·······································272 拓展閱讀 ······························273 第11章 發(fā)現(xiàn)需求 ········································274 11.1 引言 ···············································274 11.2 是什么、如何做和為什么 ················274 11.2.1 需求活動的目的 ····················274 11.2.2 捕獲需求 ·································275 11.2.3 避免誤解 ·································275 11.3 需求是什么 ··········································276 11.4 為需求收集數(shù)據(jù) ·································281 11.4.1 使用探針與用戶互動 ···········284 11.4.2 情境調查 ·································285 11.4.3 創(chuàng)新的頭腦風暴 ····················287 11.5 為生活帶來需求:角色和場景 ·······287 11.5.1 角色 ··········································288 11.5.2 場景 ··········································292 11.6 捕獲與用例的交互 ·····························296 深入練習 ······························297 總結 ·······································298 拓展閱讀 ······························298 第12章 設計、原型和構建 ····················302 12.1 引言 ············································302 12.2 原型 ············································302 12.2.1 什么是原型 ·····························302 12.2.2 為什么使用原型 ····················304 12.2.3 低保真原型 ·····························305 12.2.4 高保真原型 ·····························307 12.2.5 原型中的妥協(xié) ························308 12.3 概念設計···············································311 12.3.1 建立初始概念模型 ···············315 12.3.2 擴展初始概念模型 ···············318 12.4 具體設計···············································319 12.5 生成原型···············································320 12.5.1 生成故事板 ·····························320 12.5.2 生成基于卡片的原型 ···········322 12.6 構建 ·············································328 12.6.1 物理計算 ·································328 12.6.2 軟件開發(fā)工具包 ····················331 深入練習 ······························332 總結 ·······································332 拓展閱讀 ······························333 第13章 實踐中的交互設計 ····················336 13.1 引言 ···············································336 13.2 敏捷用戶體驗 ······································337 13.2.1 用戶研究 ·································339 13.2.2 調整工作實踐 ························340 13.2.3 文檔 ··········································343 13.3 設計模式···············································345 13.4 開源資源···············································348 13.5 交互設計工具 ······································350 深入練習 ······························351 總結 ·······································351 拓展閱讀 ······························352 第14章 評估入門 ·······································353 14.1 引言 ···········································353 14.2 評估的原因、內容、地點、時間 ·····354 14.2.1 評估的原因 ·····························354 14.2.2 評估的內容 ·····························354 14.2.3 評估的地點 ·····························355 14.2.4 評估的時間 ·····························356 14.3 評估的類型 ··········································356 14.3.1 涉及用戶的受控環(huán)境 ···········357 14.3.2 涉及用戶的自然環(huán)境 ···········359 14.3.3 不涉及用戶的環(huán)境 ···············360 14.3.4 選擇和組合方法 ····················361 14.3.5 機會主義評估 ························361 14.4 評估案例研究 ······································361 14.4.1 案例研究1:一個研究電腦游戲的實驗 ·····························361 14.4.2 案例研究2:在英國皇家農業(yè)展覽會上收集民族志數(shù)據(jù) ····363 14.5 從案例中學到了什么 ························366 14.6 評估時需要考慮的其他問題 ···········367 14.6.1 告知被試其權利并獲得其同意 ···································368 14.6.2 影響方法選擇和數(shù)據(jù)解釋的因素 ··································369 深入練習 ······························370 總結 ·······································370 拓展閱讀 ······························371 第15章 評估研究:從受控環(huán)境到自然環(huán)境 ·······························372 15.1 引言 ···············································372 15.2 可用性測試 ··········································373 15.2.1 方法、任務和用戶 ···············373 15.2.2 實驗室和設備 ························374 15.2.3 案例研究:iPad的可用性測試 ····································376 15.3 完成實驗···············································379 15.3.1 假設檢驗 ·································379 15.3.2 實驗設計 ·································380 15.3.3 統(tǒng)計方法:t檢驗 ·················381 15.4 實地研究···············································382 15.4.1 野外研究 ·································383 15.4.2 其他觀點 ·································385 深入練習 ······························386 總結 ·······································387 拓展閱讀 ······························387 第16章 評估:檢查、分析和建模 ·····391 16.1 引言 ··············································391 16.2 檢查:啟發(fā)式評估和走查法 ···········391 16.2.1 啟發(fā)式評估 ·····························391 16.2.2 走查法······································400 16.3 分析和A/B測試 ································404 16.3.1 Web分析 ·································404 16.3.2 A/B測試 ·································408 16.4 預測模型···············································410 深入練習 ······························411 總結 ·······································411 拓展閱讀 ······························412 參考文獻 參考文獻為在線資源,請訪問華章網(wǎng)站 www.hzbook.com下載。
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