閱讀理解110篇及疑難長(zhǎng)句注解與譯文和題解 第一部分 


第一節(jié)閱讀理解110篇及疑難長(zhǎng)句注解與譯文 




一、經(jīng)濟(jì) 




〖1〗1 
Shares of Apple and some of its suppliers were sagging on Tuesday after President Donald Trump said he might include iPhones and other high?volume consumer electronics products in the potential next wave of tariffs on imports from China?The president?s remarks added to anxiety about Apple?s growth prospects and demand for its smartphones，but what he said should not be shocking?At the same time，even a minor dose of tariff pain carries more significance for Apple than it would have a couple of years ago? 
Remember that the president?s rattling against China has included a threat to impose tariffs on all $500 billion worth of goods the U?S?imports from China，and“all”would seem to include cellphones and computers，which are the top two categories of U?S?imports from China based on value of goods? 
The Wall Street Journal，which conducted the interview with the president，said some Trump aides had suggested iPhones and laptops might be excluded from additional tariffs?Manufacturers of cars，washing machines and clothing would have good reason to be furious at the White House and Apple if the iPhone maker managed to avoid tariffs while they did not? 
Exempting some companies from tariffs and not others isn?t unprecedented，of course?The administration this summer removed hundreds of items from the list of imported goods subject to tariffs after lobbying from U?S?companies?If Apple does get hit with tariffs，the impact may not be profound?People who pay $1?000 or more for an iPhone when cheaper options are available are not making purchasing decisions on price alone?Some estimates have suggested a 10 percent tariff on iPhones imported into the U?S?would amount to about $40 a phone?That?s not nothing，but it could be absorbed by Apple? 
It?s surprising how little Apple has said publicly about the possible impact from the tariff battle with China，where the vast majority of its products are assembled for shipment to the rest of the world?CEO Tim Cook has said he has told U?S?officials that tariffs hurt people and economic growth by raising prices on goods?He has also said that he thinks the U?S?and China will reach an amicable trade agreement?To nudge his preferred outcome，Cook has also played diplomat personally in lobbying U?S?and Chinese officials to reach a trade resolution?In securities filings，Apple has said that“international trade disputes could result in tariffs and other protectionist measures that could adversely affect”its business? 


1. Compared with a few years ago，additional tariffs may now affect Apple ? 


［A］more seriously［B］less significantly 


［C］more specifically［D］less obviously 
2. The word“rattling”（Para?2）probably means ? 


［A］challenge［B］remark［C］battle［D］hostility 
3. Favoring one company over another in tariff ? 


［A］is an impossible decision to make 


［B］violates international trade agreements 


［C］is not an unusual practice in the U?S? 


［D］is a politically manipulated trick 
4. Additional tariffs on iPhones will ? 


［A］result in a disastrous decline in sales volume 


［B］hardly prevent customers from purchasing them 


［C］lead to a significant reduction in annual profits 


［D］force Apple to reconsider its business with China 
5. What is Apple?s attitude to trade war with China? 


［A］Critical?［B］Supportive?［C］Indifferent?［D］Apprehensive? 




1. potential /p?u?ten?l/ a?潛在的，可能的 


2. tariff /?t?rif/ n?關(guān)稅 


3. remark /ri?m??k/ n?評(píng)論，言辭 


4. prospect /?pr?spekt/ n?前景，景色 


5. dose /d?us/ n?劑量 


6. cellphone /?self?un/ n?手機(jī) 


7. category /?k?ti??ri/ n?種類；范疇 


8. interview /?int?vju?/ n?采訪；會(huì)談 


9. aide /eid/ n?助手，副手 


10. laptop /?l?pt?p/ n?便攜式電腦 


11. manufacturer /?m?nju?f?kt??r?/ n?制造商 


12. furious /?fju?ri?s/ a?狂怒的 


13. exempt /i??zempt/ vt?豁免，免除 


14. unprecedented /?n?presid?ntid/ a?史無(wú)前例的 


15. administration /?d?minis?trei??n/ n?管理；實(shí)行；政府 


16. item /?ait?m/ n?項(xiàng)，項(xiàng)目 


17. subject /?s?bd?ikt/ a?易受……影響的 


18. lobby /?l?bi/ vt?游說(shuō)（以便阻止或促成某事） 


19. profound /pr??faund/ a?深的，深遠(yuǎn)的 


20. option /??p??n/ n?選擇 


21. purchase /?p??t??s/ vt?購(gòu)買(mǎi) 


22. amount to 總量達(dá)到；等同于 


23. absorb /?b?s??b/ vt?吸收，吸引；承受 


24. assemble /??sembl/ vt?收集；集合，組裝 


25. shipment /??ipm?nt/ n?裝船；運(yùn)輸 


26. amicable /??mik?bl/ a?親切的，友善的 


27. agreement /???ri?m?nt/ n?一致，同意；協(xié)議 


28. diplomat /?dipl?m?t/ n?外交家，外交官 


29. resolution /?rez??lju???n/ n?決議；解決方案；決心 


30. securities /si?kju?ritiz/ n?證券 


31. filing /?faili?/ n?存檔文件 


32. dispute /dis?pju?t/ n?爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)端 


33. result in 導(dǎo)致，產(chǎn)生……結(jié)果 


34. protectionist /pr??tek??nist/ a?貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義（者）的 


35. adversely /??dv??sli/ ad?方向相反地；不利地 




1. sag 下垂，低落；下降 


2. rattling 喋喋不休地說(shuō)話 




1. Shares of Apple???from China?（第一段） 


在主句中，suppliers指蘋(píng)果公司產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)商，sag描述人時(shí)指情緒低落，描述股票時(shí)指股票下跌。在after引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，high?volume指銷(xiāo)量大，wave of tariffs on imports from China指美國(guó)對(duì)進(jìn)口自中國(guó)的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行懲罰性加稅，比如關(guān)稅從10%提高到20%。 


2. The administration this summer???companies?（第四段） 


本句中，the administration指特朗普政府（Trump administration）；item指一組東西中的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，這里指擬增稅產(chǎn)品清單中的一種產(chǎn)品；subject to tariffs是形容詞引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)修飾goods，指受（提高）關(guān)稅影響的產(chǎn)品；介詞短語(yǔ)after lobbying from U?S?companies作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)removed，其中l(wèi)obby指到政府相關(guān)部門(mén)游說(shuō)。 


3. To nudge his preferred???resolution?（第五段） 


本句中，nudge這里指促成某事，his preferred outcome指上一句說(shuō)的“達(dá)成一個(gè)友好的貿(mào)易協(xié)議”，play diplomat指“扮演外交家（的角色）”，resolution指解決方案。 




蘋(píng)果公司的股票和它的一些供應(yīng)商周二都感覺(jué)萎靡不振，這天，唐納德•特朗普總統(tǒng)說(shuō)，他可能把iPhone和其他高銷(xiāo)量電子產(chǎn)品也納入潛在的下一波從中國(guó)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的關(guān)稅名單�？偨y(tǒng)的話加劇了對(duì)蘋(píng)果公司發(fā)展前景以及對(duì)其智能手機(jī)需求的擔(dān)憂，但是他說(shuō)的話不應(yīng)該引起震驚。同時(shí)，與幾年前相比，即使少量的關(guān)稅負(fù)擔(dān)也對(duì)蘋(píng)果公司更有意義。 
曾記得，總統(tǒng)對(duì)中國(guó)的指責(zé)包括威脅要對(duì)從中國(guó)進(jìn)口到美國(guó)價(jià)值5 000億美元的全部產(chǎn)品強(qiáng)加關(guān)稅。這里所說(shuō)的“全部”似乎包括手機(jī)和計(jì)算機(jī)，從貨物價(jià)值來(lái)看，這是美國(guó)從中國(guó)進(jìn)口的最大兩類產(chǎn)品。 
《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》采訪了總統(tǒng)，他們說(shuō)總統(tǒng)的某些助手暗示iPhone和便攜式電腦可能被排除在追加關(guān)稅名單之外。如果iPhone制造商能設(shè)法躲開(kāi)關(guān)稅而自己不能，汽車(chē)、洗衣機(jī)和服裝制造商也有理由對(duì)白宮和蘋(píng)果公司感到憤怒。 
從關(guān)稅名單上排除某些公司而不是其他公司當(dāng)然不是前所未有的事情。經(jīng)過(guò)某些美國(guó)公司游說(shuō)以后，特朗普政府今年夏季把幾百種貨物從強(qiáng)征關(guān)稅名單中排除。如果蘋(píng)果公司產(chǎn)品也被強(qiáng)征關(guān)稅，其影響可能不會(huì)太大。那些雖然有更便宜的選擇但仍花1 000美元或更多買(mǎi)iPhone的人做出購(gòu)買(mǎi)決定時(shí)考慮的不僅僅是價(jià)格。一些人估算，給進(jìn)口到美國(guó)的iPhone增加10%的關(guān)稅等于給每部手機(jī)提價(jià)約40美元。這雖然也不少，但是蘋(píng)果公司能消化這一成本。 
奇怪的是，蘋(píng)果公司很少公開(kāi)談?wù)摳�中�?guó)的關(guān)稅戰(zhàn)對(duì)它可能產(chǎn)生的影響，其產(chǎn)品絕大多數(shù)在中國(guó)組裝然后運(yùn)送至世界各地。總裁Tim Cook曾說(shuō)，他已經(jīng)告訴美國(guó)官員，關(guān)稅會(huì)抬高物價(jià)，對(duì)人和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)造成傷害。他還說(shuō)，他認(rèn)為美中將達(dá)成一個(gè)友好的貿(mào)易協(xié)議。為了促成他想要的結(jié)果，Cook親自擔(dān)當(dāng)外交官，游說(shuō)美中官員達(dá)成一個(gè)貿(mào)易方案。在一些證券文件中，蘋(píng)果公司說(shuō)，“國(guó)際貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端可能導(dǎo)致關(guān)稅和其他保護(hù)主義措施，這不利于”其業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展。