本書通過建立精算模型分析城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)(包括城鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn))基金的財(cái)務(wù)運(yùn)行狀況,隨后分析延遲退休年齡政策和調(diào)整生育政策對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金的影響。為真正實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金的長(zhǎng)期可持續(xù)運(yùn)行還需要從多角度多方面著手。宏觀外部環(huán)境的發(fā)展能夠促進(jìn)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金收入的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí),實(shí)現(xiàn)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)更好更快的發(fā)展能夠推遲養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金出現(xiàn)赤字的時(shí)點(diǎn)。同時(shí),從現(xiàn)收現(xiàn)付制向部分積累制或者完全積累制的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)運(yùn)行模式轉(zhuǎn)變,也能夠有效提高基金抵抗老齡化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力。最后,應(yīng)該盡快建立多層次的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)體系,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)老年人生活的保障,除了依賴基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)以外,加快發(fā)展企業(yè)補(bǔ)充養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和個(gè)人儲(chǔ)蓄計(jì)劃非常必要。與此同時(shí),提高征繳領(lǐng)域的信息化管理技術(shù);加強(qiáng)職工貨幣工資的透明化;明確社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)征收主體的責(zé)任等相關(guān)配套措施的實(shí)施,能夠進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)體系的改革與完善。
“The Belt and Road": Opportunities and Challenges
1.Crisis and Opportunity: the Intergovernmental Cooperation of Asia in the 21st Century (Dai Changzheng)
2.Placing "the Belt and Road" into an International Context—Some Comparative Reflections and a Tentative Analytical Framework (David Shaw, Olivier Sykes)
3.De—risking the OBOR Risks (Dai Changzheng)
4.International Responsibility of China's Economv under "New normal" (Li Yang)
5.The Recognition of "the Belt and Road" Strategy (Wang Xiaomei, Ge Xin)
"The Belt and Road" and China's Foreign Relations
6."The Belt and Road" and Sino—US Institutional Competition (Zhao Yang) .
7.China's "the Belt and Road" Initiative and EU—China Relations (Finn Laursen)
8.China's New Silk Road and EU—China Relations (Jing Men)
9.The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and China's Foreign Development Aid Policy towards Southeast Asia (Wang Hongyu, Xu Yuman)
10.Will the BRICS Transform the Global Economic Order?(Henk Overbeek)
11."The Belt and Road" Initiative under the Framework of South—South Cooperation: Approaches and Prospect(Qiu Changqing)
"The Belt and Road" and China's Policy Issues
12.Chinese and European Networks in the Process of Internationalization (Gunter Heiduk, Agnieszka McCaleb)
13.Welfare Policies in Chinese and European International Development Cooperation (Soeren Villadsen)
14.International Cultural Relations and China's "the Belt and Road" Initiative (Diana Cooper—Richet)
15.The Constructing of National Image in the Process of Going—out of Chinese Firms (Qiao Xuan)
16.Higher Education and the New Silk Road (Kevin M.McConkey)
《“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想與國(guó)際社會(huì)》:
China, on the other hand, has apparently drawn the conclusion (coinciding with the coming to power ofthe new leadership in 2012) that the accomodationist attempt to gain Western recognition as an equal partner in the governance of the global economy had become a cul—de—sac.China consequently turned to a course which can be characterized as aimed at creating a parallel structure ofinternational institutions which would not be controlled by the Western powers.Following up from the BRICS, China moved further along the road of autonomous parallel structures with its strategic "the Belt and Road (B&R)" initiative and with the creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).These initiatives express a newfound Chinese confidence on the global scene not seen before.That both Australia and the UK, in spite of heavy US pressure, joined the AIIB as founding members has been a significant blow to the US's ability to control its main allies.
There are authors who still see room for an accommodation between China and the US (e.g.Bader 2015; Dollar 2015).However, in light of the irreconcilable directions that the US and China are moving into, skepticism seems more in place.Views that expect a less consensual multi—polar order, rather than China's co—optation into the US—dominated post—1945 multilateral order, seem more realistic (e.g.Laidi 2014; Lieber 2014; Nolke et al.2015; Saad—Filho 2014).Whether this will actually amount to the intense security competition that Mearsheimer has been predicting for years (Mearsheimer 2010) is still an open question, but it can no longer be ruled out.
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