《中公版·2018考研英語:同源閱讀精講80篇》以近10年考研英語(一)閱讀理解出題規(guī)律為基礎(chǔ),精心研發(fā)80篇真題同源閱讀理解,為考生講解閱讀理解PartA的解題技巧。具體內(nèi)容有:
理論部分:閱讀理解Part A作答指導(dǎo)包括兩小節(jié),一小節(jié)“讀懂文章的秘密”從尋找論點(diǎn)和理清論據(jù)兩個(gè)維度,幫助考生讀懂考研閱讀的文章。第二小節(jié)“試題解答的技巧”分別從細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、主旨題、含義題和態(tài)度題這五種試題的角度講解答題技巧。為考生總結(jié)真題出題規(guī)律,考生通過學(xué)習(xí)這部分內(nèi)容,可加深對(duì)考研英語閱讀的認(rèn)識(shí)。
主體部分:本書的主體部分設(shè)有20個(gè)單元的閱讀理解,每個(gè)單元含有4篇文章,每篇文章有【文章翻譯】【試題翻譯】【文章品讀】【詞海拾貝】【難句簡(jiǎn)析】【試題精解】和【詞匯相連】7個(gè)模塊?忌ㄟ^【文章翻譯】【試題翻譯】?jī)蓚(gè)模塊,可以提高自己的翻譯能力,同時(shí)能加深對(duì)文章的理解!疚恼缕纷x】對(duì)文章大意、邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行了梳理!驹~海拾貝】【詞匯相連】旨在幫助考生掌握核心詞匯!倦y句簡(jiǎn)析】從結(jié)構(gòu)剖析、難點(diǎn)注釋、參考譯文三個(gè)角度幫助考生透徹理解難句。【試題精解】透徹分析出題思路,讓考生弄懂正確選項(xiàng)為什么對(duì),錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)為什么錯(cuò)。
附錄:為了幫助考生應(yīng)對(duì)閱讀理解Part A的長(zhǎng)難句,本書附有閱讀理解Part A長(zhǎng)難句精練。
因印刷批次不同,圖書封面可能與實(shí)際展示有所區(qū)別,增值服務(wù)也可能會(huì)有所不同,以讀者收到實(shí)物為準(zhǔn)。
《中公版·2018考研英語:同源閱讀精講80篇》內(nèi)容精良,版式新穎,是2018考研學(xué)子們的考研閱讀輔導(dǎo)書,其主要特色有:
一、書內(nèi)含碼,碼上有課。
本書針對(duì)基礎(chǔ)理論部分配有二維碼,考生掃碼即可聽課,課程生動(dòng)直接,讓考生告別無聲讀書時(shí)代。
二、選材于英文報(bào)刊,體現(xiàn)新動(dòng)態(tài)。
本書的絕大多數(shù)文章與真題同源,節(jié)選自近幾年的《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》《時(shí)代周刊》《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》《衛(wèi)報(bào)》《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》等地道的英文報(bào)刊,材料涉及的多是社會(huì)生活、商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技教育等方面的熱點(diǎn)話題,體現(xiàn)新動(dòng)態(tài)。
三、“多維度”解讀,助考生輕松練手。
本書中的80篇文章,每一篇文章都附有【文章翻譯】【試題翻譯】【文章品讀】【詞海拾貝】【難句簡(jiǎn)析】【試題精解】和【詞匯相連】7個(gè)模塊,幫助考生識(shí)記核心單詞、透徹理解長(zhǎng)難句、翻譯全文,真正理解每一篇文章。
四、立享貼身移動(dòng)自習(xí)室,合理利用碎片時(shí)間。
購(gòu)書享有中公教育移動(dòng)自習(xí)室多樣增值服務(wù),內(nèi)含:核心考點(diǎn)免費(fèi)學(xué),在線題庫(kù)任意練,考友圈答疑解惑,視頻直播隨時(shí)看。
閱讀理解PartA作答指導(dǎo)I文章讀懂的秘密01
閱讀理解PartA作答指導(dǎo)II試題解答的技巧05
Unit1
Text1戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)營(yíng)救:陷入“熊”抱中14
Text2減少碳排放16
Text3信息高速公路收費(fèi)18
Text4學(xué)生貸款對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生的漣漪效應(yīng)20
Unit1文章精講與答案詳解22
Unit2
Text1走進(jìn)常春藤34
Text2面部檢測(cè):電子眼告知一切36
Text3女方收入影響婚姻質(zhì)量38
Text4進(jìn)化論懷疑者在自由探究的幌子下推進(jìn)他們的事業(yè)40
Unit2文章精講與答案詳解42
Unit3
Text1成功要趁早,英雄出少年54
Text2物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與監(jiān)控56
Text3電子游戲:小游戲,大生意58
Text4我們的社會(huì)已經(jīng)失去了善的本性60
Unit3文章精講與答案詳解62
Unit4
Text1經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退對(duì)企業(yè)家和經(jīng)理人的影響在加劇74
Text2養(yǎng)孩子是一種心靈創(chuàng)傷76
Text3從眾行為78
Text4新興的無線醫(yī)療市場(chǎng)80
Unit4文章精講與答案詳解82
Unit5
Text1科學(xué)家的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)94
Text2亞洲女性向高管職位奮斗96
Text3美國(guó)醫(yī)療公司:整合之潮亦其壯大之勢(shì)98
Text4喬納森·弗蘭岑錯(cuò)了:數(shù)字時(shí)代使我們更聰明100
Unit5文章精講與答案詳解102
Unit6
Text1消解節(jié)約悖論114
Text2美麗不是我的錯(cuò)116
Text3當(dāng)谷歌悄然走進(jìn)我們的起居室118
Text4邁克爾·菲爾普斯身上的紫色印記是什么?120
Unit6文章精講與答案詳解122
Unit7
Text1好萊塢的影碟危機(jī)134
Text2顧客認(rèn)為麥當(dāng)勞正是他們想去的地方136
Text3超度連接造成了恐慌:我們?nèi)绾沃孬@自由138
Text4經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生要求改革經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的教學(xué)方法140
Unit7文章精講與答案詳解142
Unit8
Text1外來入侵物種154
Text2采取行動(dòng)減少氣候變化已迫在眉睫156
Text3美國(guó)快餐企業(yè)面臨員工為漲薪而舉行的抗議158
Text4樂高如何成為世界上最熱的玩具公司160
Unit8文章精講與答案詳解162
Unit9
Text1偷獵者變身守林人174
Text2谷歌與汽車制造商就自動(dòng)駕駛汽車進(jìn)行商談176
Text3科技行業(yè)中的女性一起追蹤多樣性178
Text4道德節(jié)食180
Unit9文章精講與答案詳解182
Text1偷獵者變身守林人174
Text2谷歌與汽車制造商就自動(dòng)駕駛汽車進(jìn)行商談176
Text3科技行業(yè)中的女性一起追蹤多樣性178
Text4道德節(jié)食180
Unit9文章精講與答案詳解182
Unit10
Text1游行再現(xiàn)194
Text2高鐵:無處高速196
Text3書包太重,孩子身體遭殃198
Text4管理者應(yīng)向藝術(shù)家學(xué)習(xí)200
Unit10文章精講與答案詳解202
Unit11
Text1新創(chuàng)企業(yè):料理他們的后花園214
Text2采用電動(dòng)汽車的步伐正在加快216
Text3啤酒的飲用:形狀改變一切!218
Text4XboxMusic帶領(lǐng)微軟在挑戰(zhàn)iTunes上有新推進(jìn)220
Unit11文章精講與答案詳解222
Unit12
Text1美國(guó)鱒魚面臨新威脅234
Text2最優(yōu)秀的經(jīng)理人236
Text3新型酒店房間鑰匙:智能手機(jī)238
Text4管理思想家需要更多考慮關(guān)于人與機(jī)器人的關(guān)系240
Unit12文章精講與答案詳解242
Unit13
Text1卷煙工業(yè):強(qiáng)弩之末254
Text2一邊工作一邊聽音樂256
Text3來數(shù)一數(shù)世界上的懶漢258
Text4金融從業(yè)者的非理性行為260
Unit13文章精講與答案詳解262
Unit14
Text1芭比娃娃推出豐滿、小巧和高大版本274
Text2“江南風(fēng)”挑戰(zhàn)美國(guó)神話276
Text3亞洲結(jié)婚率的下降:亞洲人孤獨(dú)的心278
Text4為什么零售商會(huì)郵寄如此多的商品目錄冊(cè)280
Unit14文章精講與答案詳解282
Unit15
Text1兒時(shí)記憶的威力294
Text2基因決定幸福296
Text3一個(gè)隱私問題298
Text4孤獨(dú)會(huì)對(duì)你的健康不利的原因300
Unit15文章精講與答案詳解302
Unit16
Text1美國(guó)政府停擺314
Text2好萊塢如何鼓勵(lì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)盜版316
Text3實(shí)時(shí)競(jìng)價(jià)如何影響媒體公司318
Text4女權(quán)主義婚禮的崛起320
Unit16文章精講與答案詳解322
Unit17
Text1廉價(jià)智能手機(jī)的崛起334
Text2點(diǎn)亮地球一小時(shí)336
Text3減少現(xiàn)金使用如何使美國(guó)變得更安全338
Text4使用臉譜網(wǎng)會(huì)使人變憂傷?這取決于你怎么使用它340
Unit17文章精講與答案詳解342
Unit18
Text1通感:聞起來像貝多芬354
Text2高價(jià)格使美國(guó)公民申請(qǐng)人數(shù)下降356
Text3公司為何無須過多關(guān)注“聲譽(yù)”358
Text4女性群體中最嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題不是收入不平等360
Unit18文章精講與答案詳解362
Unit19
Text1移民的有益影響374
Text2科學(xué)家培育出發(fā)光兔子376
Text3外因遺傳與壓力378
Text4公司發(fā)現(xiàn)自閉癥也是一種工作技能380
Unit19文章精講與答案詳解382
Unit20
Text1紐約餐飲革命——對(duì)小費(fèi)說不394
Text2相貌歧視應(yīng)該是非法的嗎?396
Text3學(xué)習(xí)第二外語可以延緩大腦衰老398
Text4搖搖晃晃的家具讓人在情感上追求穩(wěn)定400
Unit20文章精講與答案詳解402
附錄閱讀理解PartA長(zhǎng)難句精練415
閱讀理解Part A作答指導(dǎo)I
文章讀懂的秘密
考研英語閱讀理解的文章多選自西方國(guó)家報(bào)刊,體裁多是議論文。一篇議論文的構(gòu)成主要有論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)兩部分。作者在文章中提出自己的觀點(diǎn),即我們所稱的論點(diǎn),然后將各個(gè)論據(jù)用不同的論證方法加以論證,形成一篇邏輯縝密的文章。因此,“讀懂文章”重在尋找論點(diǎn),理清論據(jù)。
一、尋找論點(diǎn)
考生首先要有尋找文章論點(diǎn)的意識(shí),根據(jù)歷年真題的考查情況,我們總結(jié)如下:在考研英語閱讀的文章中,作者通常在首段首句、首段末句、第二段首句以及段落中表示轉(zhuǎn)折的句子處表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。
(一)論點(diǎn)在首段首句
關(guān)注文章各段首句,尤其是第一段首句。這一點(diǎn)充分體現(xiàn)了西方人的思維習(xí)慣對(duì)語言的影響。西方人屬于直線式思維模式,即習(xí)慣于開門見山地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),然后通過各種論述方法論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。因此通常情況下,文章首段首句是文章的中心句,各段首句是段落中心句。
[例1]
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project ... [ 2001年]
。劾2]
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers ... [ 2003年]
。劾3]
Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English ... [ 2005年]
。ǘ┱擖c(diǎn)在首段末句
這類文章的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是,作者先說明一個(gè)現(xiàn)象或講述一個(gè)事件,然后在該段末尾,作者針對(duì)這個(gè)現(xiàn)象提出相應(yīng)的觀點(diǎn)。
。劾1]
“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. [ 2014年]
[例2]
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. [ 2007年]
。ㄈ┱擖c(diǎn)在第二段首句
這類文章的首段有一個(gè)顯著的特點(diǎn),作者在說明現(xiàn)象和講述事件時(shí)通常使用描述性語言和記敘性語言;而在第二段首句出現(xiàn)的文章論點(diǎn)通常是議論性語言。
。劾1]
In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing ... [ 2008年]
。劾2]
Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.
Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.” [ 2010年]
。ㄋ模┍硎巨D(zhuǎn)折的句子通常為段落論點(diǎn)
關(guān)注文章首段或其他段落中表示轉(zhuǎn)承、因果的句子。因?yàn)橥ǔG闆r下,首段出現(xiàn)這樣的句子, 要么是中心句,要么與中心密切相關(guān);而在文章其他段落出現(xiàn)這樣的句子通常為段落主旨句。
。劾1]
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. [ 2014年 ]
。劾2]
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states. [ 2013年]
因此考生要讀懂考研閱讀的文章,首先要學(xué)會(huì)有意識(shí)地尋找文章的中心主旨,通過研究真題,整理總結(jié)文章主旨的出現(xiàn)方式,基本上?嫉闹髦碱}也就迎刃而解了。
二、理清論據(jù)
當(dāng)作者提出文章中心,即這篇議論文的論點(diǎn)后,接下來還會(huì)運(yùn)用各類論據(jù)證明自己的觀點(diǎn),考生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)整理。在考研英語閱讀文章中,作者經(jīng)常使用的論據(jù)類型包括:引用專家或教授等人的觀點(diǎn)、數(shù)字論據(jù)、事實(shí)論據(jù)以及實(shí)驗(yàn)調(diào)查研究等。
。ㄒ唬┮环N論據(jù)
[例1](數(shù)字論據(jù))
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals. [ 2008年]
。劾2](專家觀點(diǎn))
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”[ 2008年]